人力资源管理知识-5获取竞争优势的人力资源管理之五

获取竞争优势的人力资源管理之五HumanResourceManagementGainingaCompetitiveAdvantageTrainingandDevelopment培训与开发Whenyoufinishstudyingthischapter,youshouldbeableto:Indicatehowtrainingwouldhelpenterprisestogaincompetitiveadvantage.阐述培训如何帮助企业获得竞争优势Explainhowyouwouldgoaboutidentifyingtrainingrequirements.说明如何确定培训需求Discussfourtrainingtechniques.论述四种培训技术Listthestepsinatypicalmanagementdevelopment列出企业开发的典型步骤Experientialexercise1应用联系林红所在的公司由于近年规模扩大，员工提升机会很多，她已经过一系列的工作变化，从最初的分店经理，升至为总公司当业务经理，现在手下管理很多专卖店的经理人员。林红凭着自己的经验，已经具备了技术和业务管理技，虽然没有受过任何正式训练，但仍然受到手下人的尊重。根据该公司战略规划，二三年内规模将扩大两三倍，于是很多人开始怀疑林红是否有能力承担日趋繁重任务，因为这工作将涉及总体规划，财政控制，部门协调，而林红的经验主要在销售方面，公司想继续留用林红，但是需要为她制定一个开发计划。问题：为林红制定一个开发计划，并说明编制的理由。1.traininganddevelopment1.1Technicaltraining培训Technicaltraininginvolvesgivingneworpresentemployeesthebasicskillstheyneedtoperformtheirjobs.(1)High-leveragetraining高层次培训High-leveragetrainingistrainingofamorelong-ternandwidernature.Itsaimistodevelopintelligencecapital:basicskills,advanceskill,creativityandinnovation.(2)Thecharacteristicsoflearningorganization学习型组织的特征ThecontinuouslearningCreatingandsharingofknowledgeCriticallyandsystematicalthinkingLearningcultureThevalueappraisalofemployees(3)Creativityandinnovation创造与创新DefinitionCreativity.Thethinkingprocessthathelpsustogenerateideas.Innovation.ThepracticalapplicationofsuchIdeastowardsmeetingtheorganization’sobjectivesinamoreeffectiveway.ConditionAclimateconducivetocratingthinking;Aneffectivesystemforcommunicatingideas;Proceduresformanaginginnovationinordertoscreenandevaluateideasandidentifytherelativelyfewwhichareworthexploiting.1.2Thebasicandeffectivetrainingprocess有效培训的基本过程evaluationevaluatingprogrammeandresults,cost-benefitstrainingmethordsobservation(show-how),lecture,teamtrainingtransferoftrainingself-directedlearningsupportbycolleaqueandmanagerslearningenvironmentsettrainingobjectives,trainingmaterials,exercise,observation,planningPreparationattitudeandmotivation,basicskillsRequirementassessmentOrganizationanalysis,Taskanalysis,Personnelanalysis1.3OperationalstrategyandtrainingSTRATEGYEMPHASIZEPOINTSCONTENTTRAININGConcentrationMarketshareLowcostTeamconstructCross-functionsSpecializationHumanrelationOn-jobtrainingInternalgrowthMarketdevelopmentproductsdevelopmentInnovationJointventureCulturetrainingOrganizationalcultureSkillintheworkFeedbackandcommunicateNegotiationSTRATEGYEMPHASIZECONTENTOFTRAININGExternalgrowthHorizontalintegrationVerticalintegrationdiversificationTrainingcombinedemployeesIntegrationoftwotrainingsystemsWorkmethodsandproceduresTeamtrainingInvestmentregainDownsizingTransferSeparateMotivation,settinggoals,LeadershipabilityCommunicateReemploymentJobseekers2.Assessmentdeterminingneeds培训需求评估Assessingthetrainingneedsofemployeeswhoarenewtotheirjobs.对新雇员的培训需求进行评估Organizationanalysis,taskanalysisandpersonanalysisarethethreemaintechniquesfordeterminingtrainingrequirements组织分析，任务分析，人员分析是决定培训需求的三种主要技术Thetrainingprogramshouldreflectenterprise’overallhumanresourceplansandthegoalsoftheenterprise.培训项目应能反映企业人力资源总体规划和企业目标。2.1taskanalysis任务分析Taskanalysisisespeciallyappropriatefordeterminingthetrainingneedsofemployeeswhoarenewtotheirjobs.(1)Taskanalysisrecordform任务分析记录表Ataskanalysisrecordformcontainssixtypesofinformation:Column1.Herethejob’smaintasksandsubtasksarelisted.列出某项工作的任务和子任务Column2.Hereindicatethefrequencywithwhichthetaskandsubtasksareperformed.说明执行任务和子任务的频率Column3.Hereindicatethestandardsofperformanceforeachtaskandsubtask.说明每项任务和子任务的完成标准Column4.Hereindicatetheconditionsunderwhichthetasksandsubtasksaretoperformed.说明在什么条件下完成任务和子任务Column5.thistheheartofthetaskanalysisform,herelisttheskillsorknowledgerequiredforeachofthetasksandsubtasks.这是本表的核心，列出每项任务和子任务所必须的技能和知识。Column6.Hereindicatewhetherthetaskislearnedbestonoroffthejob.说明需要是在岗培训或者脱产培训。(2)Personanalysis人员分析Persontraits个人特征Input投入Output产出performanceConsequence结果learningbehaviorFeedback反馈Thefactorsthatinfluenceperformanceandlearningbehaviors2.2trainingandtrainingtechniquesOn-the–jobtraining.在职培训Trainingapersontolearnajobwhileworkingatit.Lecture讲座AquickandsimplewayofprovidingknowledgetolargegroupsoftraineesTele-training.远程教学Atrainerinacentrallocationcantraingroupsofemployeesatremotelocationsviatelevisionhookups.simulatedtraining模拟培训Traineeslearnontheactualorsimulatedequipmenttheywilluseonthejob,butareactuallytrainedoffthejob.2.3On-the-jobTrainingStep1.PreparationoftheleanerPutthelearneratease,relievethetension让学习者轻松，消除紧张情绪Explainwhyheorsheisbeingtaught解释他或她参加培训的原因Createinterest,encouragequestions,findoutwhatthelearneralreadyknowsabouthisorherotherjobs启发兴趣，鼓励提问，了解学习者对工作掌握的情况Explainwhyofthewholejobandrelateittosomejobtheworkeralreadyknows说明整个工作的原由，该工作和学习者已知道工作的关系Placetheleanerasclosetothenormalworkingpositionaspossible尽可能使学习者接近日常工作岗位Familiarizetheworkerwiththeequipmentmaterials,toolsandtradeterms让学习者熟悉工作设备，材料，工具以及职业用语Step2.Presentationoftheoperation说明数量和质量的要求Explainquantityandqualityrequirements.同正常工作速度将整个工作做一次Gothroughthejobataslowpaceseveraltimes.Explainingeachstep.Betweenoperations,explainthediffic