白皮书-XXXX中国的人力资源状况

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资源描述

况中国的人力资源状况目录前言一、中国人力资源的基本状况二、人力资源开发的法律体系三、履行政府公共管理服务职责四、发挥市场配置的基础性作用五、加强对劳动者权益的保护六、积极开展国际交流与合作结束语中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室二○一○年九月北京China'sHumanResourcesContentsForewordI.TheBasicSituationofChina'sHumanResourcesII.LegalSystemforHumanResourcesDevelopmentIII.TheGovernmentShouldersHumanResourcesPublicManagementandPublicServiceResponsibilityIV.BringingintoPlaytheFundamentalRoleofMarketAllocationV.StrengtheningtheProtectionoftheLegitimateRightsandInterestsofWorkersVI.ActivelyDevelopingInternationalExchangesandCooperationconclusionInformationOfficeoftheStateCouncilofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaSept.10,2010前言中国是世界上人口最多的发展中国家,13亿人口中蕴涵着极其丰富的人力资源。积极开发人力资源,充分发挥每个人的潜能和价值,促进人的全面发展,为国家现代化建设提供强大的人力和智力支撑,实现由人力资源大国向人力资源强国的转变,是中国政府始终面临的重大课题和不懈推进的重大事业。ForewordChinaisadevelopingcountrywiththelargestpopulationintheworld.Its1.3billionpeopleareavastreservoirofhumanresources.Activelydevelopinghumanresources,bringingintofullplaythepo-tentialabilityandvalueofeachindividualandpromotingthepeople'sall-rounddevelopmentsoastoprovidepowerfullaborandintellectualsupportforChina'smodernizationdriveandtorealizeitstransformationfromacountryrichinhumanresourcestoonewithpowerfulhumanresources,isasignificantaimtheChinesegovernmenthasbeencher-ishingandamajorundertakingithasbeenunremittinglyadvancing新中国成立后特别是20世纪70年代末实行改革开放以来,中国政府坚持以人为本的理念,积极贯彻“尊重劳动、尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造”的方针,制定了一系列解决就业问题和发展教育、科技、文化、卫生、社会保障事业的政策措施,努力为实现人的全面发展创造良好的环境和条件。当前,中国就业形势保持总体稳定,国民受教育程度和健康水平显著提高,一大批国家建设急需的各类人才脱颖而出,为推动中国经济社会各项事业发展发挥了重要作用。SincethefoundingofNewChinain1949,andespeciallysincethereformandopening-uppolicieswereintroducedinthelate1970s,theChinesegovernment,upholdingtheideaofputtingpeoplefirst,hasac-tivelyimplementedtheprincipleofrespectinglabor,knowledge,talentandcreativity,andhasadoptedaseriesofpoliciesandmeasurestoboostemploymentanddevelopeducation,scienceandtechnology,culture,publichealthandsocialsecurity,strivingtocreateafavorableenvironmentandconditionsforthepeople'sall-rounddevelopment.Currently,China'semploymentsituationisstableonthewhole;thepeople'seducationandhealthlevelshavebeenremarkablyimproved;andagalaxyoftalentedpeopleinvariousfieldsurgentlyneededbynationalconstructionhasappeared.Theyareplayinganimportantroleinpromotingthedevelopmentofalleconomicandsocialundertakings.按照建立社会主义市场经济体制的要求,为推动科学发展,促进社会和谐,中国政府注重发挥市场配置人力资源的基础性作用,大力推进经济、科技、教育等体制改革,不断深化干部人事制度改革,实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略和积极的就业政策,建立和完善人力资源培养、吸引、使用和保障机制,加快人力资源法制建设,走出了一条适合中国国情的人力资源开发道路。Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthesocialistmarketecon-omysystem,andtopromotesustainabledevelopmentandsocialhar-mony,theChinesegovernmentpaysattentiontothefundamentalfunc-tionofthemarketindeployinghumanresources,whilevigorouslypromotinginstitutionalreformsinthefieldsofeconomy,science,technologyandeducation,constantlydeepeningthereformofthecad-rerelatedsystem,andpursuingthestrategyofrejuvenatingthecountrythroughscienceandeducationandthatofstrengtheningthenationwithtrainedpersonnel,andaproactiveemploymentpolicy.Ithasalsoestablishedandimprovedthehumanresourcesdevelopmentmecha-nismtotrain,attract,useandsupporttalentedpeople,andacceleratedhumanresourceslegalconstruction,therebyopeningupahumanre-sourcesdevelopmentpathconformingtoChina'snationalconditions.一、中国人力资源的基本状况I.TheBasicSituationofChina'sHumanResources人口众多、劳动力资源丰富是中国的基本国情。多年来,中国政府采取积极有效的政策措施,大力加强人力资源的开发利用,使中国的人力资源状况发生了显著变化。人力资源规模不断扩大。截至2009年底,中国总人口达到133474万人(不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾省),其中,劳动力资源106969万人,比2000年增加11267万人;就业人员77995万人,其中,城镇就业人员31120万人,分别比2000年增加5910万人和7969万人。I.TheBasicSituationofChina'sHumanResourcesAlargepopulationandrichhumanresourcesconstitutethebasicnationalsituationofChina.Foryears,theChinesegovernmenthaspursuedproactiveandeffectivepoliciesandmeasurestoenhancethedevelopmentandutilizationofhumanresources,bringingaboutre-markablechangesinthisfield.Humanresourcesgrowinginscale.Bytheendof2009China'stotalpopulationhadreached1.33474billion(excludingthatoftheHongKongandMacaoSpecialAdministrativeRegionsandTaiwanProvince),whichcontainsalaborforceof1.06969billionpersons,112.67millionmorethanin2000;thenumberofemployeeshadreached779.95million,ofwhom311.2millionwereurbanemployees,increasesof59.1millionand79.69million,respectively,comparedwiththeyear2000.Chart1ChangesinLaborForce(2000-2009)(Unit:10,000people)Chart2ChangesintheNumberofEmployeesinUrbanandRuralAreas(2000-2009)(Unit:10,000people)国民受教育水平明显提高。中国实行教育优先的发展战略,建成了比较完善的现代国民教育体系。2000年实现了基本普及九年制义务教育和基本扫除青壮年文盲的目标。高中阶段教育普及率大幅提升,职业教育得到重点加强,高等教育进入大众化阶段。2009年,全国普通高中在校生2434.28万人,各类中等职业教育在校生2195.16万人;普通高等教育本专科在校生2144.66万人,在学研究生140.49万人。教育事业的发展,使就业人员的受教育水平显著提高。截至2009年底,全国15岁以上人口平均受教育年限接近8.9年;主要劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限为9.5年,其中受过高等教育的比例为9.9%;新增劳动力平均受教育年限达到12.4年。Remarkableimprovementofeducation.Chinagivesprioritytoeducationinitsdevelopmentstrategy,andhasestablishedacom-parativelycompletenationalmoderneducationalsystem.In2000Nine-YearCompulsoryEducationwasmadeuniversalthroughoutthecountry,andilliteracyamongpeoplebetweentheagesof20and50wasbasicallyeliminated.Thenumberofteenagersattendingseniormiddleschoolhasincreasedgreatly;vocationaleducationhasbeenespeciallyenhanced;andh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