中国城镇居民福利水平影响因素分析

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《》()20094·。、、、、。“”“”(welfare),。,“”、,。、。,,,,。·(AmartyaK.Sen),。、,“”。,“”。,。“”“”。,(A.C.Pigou),。·,“”,。“”“”,。、·、、、、。,。,,“”?3:,;,、(Ramsey);,,,,。,。,3。*《“”》(05BJL047)“985”《“”》。*——·□17--、、、、。,、,;,(I.Fisher)(J.Hicks);(J.Rawls),“、、、、”,“”;·(R.Dworkin)。“”,,。·,、、,、,。,。。(functions),。,、、。,。,。,。。,“”“”。(capabilities),,。,“”。。(),,;。,。,,。。,。,;,,。,、“”,“”,。;,;。,“”,,;,“”,;,,。,、,,。,,,,。,,;。(1987)《》,,。,,,“”。(a,r{A}),,A,a,,{a,b}a,{a}a,,,a,。,。,,218--《》()20094。,ibi:bi=fi(ci(xi│zi,ze,zs))∨fi∈Fi,∨xi∈Xi(1),bi,,ci(xi)i。F,f∈F,fi(ci(xi│zi,ze,zs))ibi,zi,ze,zs、。,、、,、,、。x∈X,xii。Xi,;,。,,。,。。,,,(),。,。,。,、,。,。(1985)、31980~1982、、、5。(1985)、31981~1983。(UNDP)、GDP31990~2004。(Schokkaert&VanOotegem,1990)1979、、、、6。(Balestrino,1996)281、3。(RuggeriLaderchi,1997)1992、3。(Sciclone,2000)1991、、、5。(ChiapperoMartinetti,2000)1994、、、、5。(Klasen,2000)1994SALDRU、、、、、、、、、、、、。(2001)1994ENNIV2。(SaraLelli,2001)1998、、、、、7。(Quizilbash,2002)、、、、。(Phipps,2002)1995、3、、、、、、。(In-gridRobeyns,2002)、、、、、、、。(Burchardt&LeGrand,2002)1998~1999。(Anand&VanHees)273、、、、、、、。、(Hunter&Smith,2005)2000、、、、6、。19--·(WiebkeKuklys,2005)19912000。,2。,。(1997)《》:“,。,,,,,①。”,,,。,,。,。2:();。,。,。;、、。·(2005)。,、、、,。。,,,。,,。,,“”“”,。,。、,。,。,。,,、,,。。,,。。、、、、6。,,、、、、、、、、、、。,,,、、、、5。:,。,。2。,,,,,,。,。,。,,1862《》:“……‘’,,,,”②。,。,,。“”,、20--《》()200941、、、。,。,。,,,,、、、,,。,。,,,。,,。、、、、、、。:,、、、、5;,、,,。,。50,,,,,,,。,12。:,。,。,;;。,。,,。,,,。,;。1。、、、;、、、;、;、;、。,1,,,,。20077~20071226621--、,、、、、、、8;、、、、、、8;、、、、、、、、10。、、、、,,,。6:、、、、。2420,2067,85.4%。2,。SPSS13.0。、,。(StructuralEquationModel,SEM),。:,,。,。,。,。,。,—,。(measurementequation)(structuralequation)2。,。(latentvariable),。,、、、、。,。,,。,,。:x=Λxξ+δ(2)y=Λyη+ε(3):η=Bη+Γξ+ζ(4),(2),xq(exogenous)q×1,ξnn×1,Λx,xξq×n,δqq×1。(3),yP(endogenous)p×1,ηmm×1,Λy,yηp×m;εPp×1。(4),Bη,m×m;Γξη;ζ222--《》()20094m×1,η。,,。4:,δε0;,ζ0;,δεη、ξ;,ζξ、δε。8:Λx、Λy、B、Γ,Φ、Ψ、ΘδΘε。,Φξ,Ψζ,ΘδΘεδε。(2)(4),p+q,(p+q)(p+q+1)/2;,(p+q)(p+q+1)/2,t,:t≤(p+q)(p+q+1)/2(5)(recursivemod-el)。,,。,B(0),Ψ。,。,B。B,。B③。p≥2,q≥1。,。:(MaximumLikelihood,ML)、(UnweightedLeastSquares,ULS)、(GeneralizedLeastSquares,GLS)、(WeightedLeastSquares,WLS)、(DiagonallyWeightedLeastSquares,DWLS)、(In-strumentalVariable,IV)(Two-stageLeastSquares,TSLS)。、。,,。FMLθ,FML=log│∑(θ)│-log│S│+tr(S∑-1(θ))-(p+q)(6),tr(A)A,log│A│A,S(p+q)×1(y',x')',∑(θ),S∑(θ),,∑(θ)。2:()(),,;,,。。21,、、、、,、、、、,、、,、、,、、,。7,、、、、、。,,、、、5;、、、、5;、、3;、、3;、、3;。,、、、、,,。,(),(、、、、)⌒23--3:*,**,***0.05,0.030.001。,。,1。、,。,?,AMOS6.02067,2。2,:,0.86,2,,。()。、、、5,,0.58,0.86,0.50,0.480.57。、、、5。。,。3,4。3,20.050.03,0.001。0.0010.3730.78,24--《》()200944:*,***0.050.001。。4,0.05,0.001,0.50.869,。,,2,;,。,。,,。(2004),3:χ22~5;RMSEA0.08();NNFICFI0.9(),3“”。5。RMSEACFI,χ25,5,,,,。·(2005)(BHPS)199120002,,,,、、。,,,,,、、。,,。、,,。,,,。。,、、、5,,4,5、、、。,、、、5,、。、、。①(1980b)《》。②《》,263,,1974,281~282。③《》,219。(1)·(),、():《,》,,2006。(2)·(),、():《》,,2006。(3)·(),():《》,,2007。(4)、、:《》,,2004。(5)(),(),:《》,,2006。(6)·(),、、():《》,,1998。(7)Anand,HunterandSmith,2005,“CapabilitiesandWell-Being:EvidenceBasedontheSen-NussbaumApproachtoWel-5χ2χ225--fare”,SocialIndicatorsRecearch,74.(8)BurchardtandLeGrand,2002,“ConstraintandOppor-tunity:IndentifyingVoluntaryNon-Employment”,CASEWorkingPaper,55.(9)Dworkin,R.,1981a,1981b,“WhatisEquality?Part1:E-qualityofWelfare,Part2:EqualityofResource”,PhilosophyandPublicAffairs,10,pp.185~246;pp.283~345.(10)Joreskog,KarlG.andArthurS.Goldberger,1975,“Es-timationofaModelwithMultipleIndicatorsandMultipleCausesofaSingleLatentVariable”,JournaloftheAmericanStatisticalAssociation,70,pp.631~39.(11)Klasen,2000,“MeasuringPovertyandDeprivationinsouthAfrica”,ReviewofIncomeandWealth,46,pp.33~58.(12)Laderchi,Ruggeri,1997,“PovertyanditsManyDimen-sions:TheRoleofIncomeasanIndicator”,OxfordDevelopmentStudies,25(3),pp.345~360.(13)Lelli,Sara,2001,“FactorAnalysisvs.FuzzySetsTheo-ry:AssessingtheInfluenceofDifferentTechniquesonSen’sFunctioningApproach”,CenterofEconomicStudiesDiscussionPaper,KULeuven,DPS01.21.(14)Phipps,2002,“TheWell-BeingofYoungCanadianChildreninInternationalPerspective:AFunctioningsApproach”,ReviewofIncomeandWealth,48(4),p.493.(15)Qizilbash,2002,“ANoteontheMeasurementofPover-tyandVulnerabilityintheSouthAfricanContext”,JournalofInternationalDevelopment,14,pp.757~772.(16)Robeyns,Ingrid,2002,“GenderInequality:ACapabilityPerspective”,PhDThesis,UniversityofCambridge.(17)Sen,AmartyaK.,1980,EqualityofWhat?TannerLec-turesonHumanValues,Vol.1,CambridgeUniversityPress.(18)Sen,AmartyaK.,1985,CommoditiesandCapabilities,Amsterdam:North-Holland.(19)Sen,AmartyaK.,1987,TheStandardofLiving,InSenetal.(20)Sen,AmartyaK.,1997,OnEconomicsInequality,WithaSubstantialannexe‘AfteraQuarterCentury,byJ.FosterandA.Sen.2ndedn.Oxford:ClarendonPress.(21)WiebkeKuklys,2005,AmartyaSen’sCapabilityAp-proach:TheoreticalInsightsandEmpiricalApplications,Springer.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4,,。,,,、,,,。,,。2006,。,、,,20074。30,2101000。,。20082140.512%,,,。,,。,,,,、,、、,。、(1)、、:《》,《》,20064。(2)、:《》,《》,20067。(3)、:《》,,20055。(4)、:《》,《》,20069。(5):《》,,200712。(6)、、:《》,《》,20071。26--

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