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1LaborLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina(AdoptedatheEighthMeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheEighthNationalPeoplesCongressonJuly5,1994,promulgatedbyOrderNo.28ofthePresidentofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaonJuly5,1994,andeffectiveasofJanuary1,1995)Chapter1-GeneralProvisionsArticle1ThisLawisherebyformulatedinaccordancewiththeConstitutioninordertoprotectthelegitimaterightsandinterestsoflaborers,readjustlaborrelationship,establishandsafeguardthelaborsystemsuitingthesocialistmarketeconomy,andpromoteeconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress.Article2ThisLawappliestoenterprises,individually-ownedeconomicorganizations(hereinafterreferredtoastheemployer)andlaborerswhoformalaborrelationshipwiththemwithintheboundaryofthePeoplesRepublicofChina.Statedepartments,institutionalorganizationsandsocialgroupsandlaborerswhoformalaborrelationshipwiththemshallfollowthisLaw.Article3Laborershavetherighttobeemployedonanequalbasis,chooseoccupations,obtainremunerationsforlabor,takerests,haveholidaysandleaves,receivelaborsafetyandsanitationprotection,gettraininginprofessionalskills,enjoysocialinsuranceandwelfaretreatment,andsubmitapplicationsforsettlementoflabordisputes,andotherlaborrightsstipulatedbylaw.Laborersshallfulfilltheirtasksoflabor,improvetheirprofessionalskills,followrulesonlaborsafetyandsanitation,observelabordisciplineandprofessionalethics.Article4Theemployershallestablishandperfectrulesandregulationsinaccordancewithlawandguaranteethatlaborersenjoylaborrightandfulfilllaborobligations.Article5TheStateshalltakevariousmeasurestopromoteemployment,developvocationaleducation,formulatelaborstandards,regulatesocialincomes,perfectsocialinsurance,coordinatelaborrelationships,andgraduallyraisethelivingleveloflaborers.Article6TheStateshalladvocatelaborersparticipationinsocialvoluntarylabor,laborcompetition,andactivitiesofforwardingrationalproposals;encourageandprotectlaborersinscientificresearch,technicalrenovation,andinvention;andcommendandawardlabormodelsandadvancedworkers.Article7Laborersshallhavetherighttoparticipateinandorganizetradeunionsinaccordancewithlaw.2Tradeunionsshallrepresentandsafeguardthelegitimaterightsandinterestsoflaborers,andstageactivitiesindependentlyinaccordancewithlaw.Article8Laborersshalltakepartindemocraticmanagementthroughworkerscongress,workersrepresentativeassembly,oranyotherformsinaccordancewithlaw,orconsultwiththeemployeronanequalfootingaboutprotectionofthelegitimaterightsandinterestsoflaborers.Article9ThelabormanagementdepartmentundertheStateCouncilshalltakechargeofthemanagementoflaborofthewholecountry.Localpeoplesgovernmentsabovethecountylevelshalltakechargeofthemanagementoflaborinareasundertheirjurisdiction.Chapter2-PromotionofEmploymentArticle10TheStateshallcreateemploymentconditionsandexpandemploymentopportunitiesthroughpromotionofeconomicandsocialdevelopment.TheStateshallencourageenterprises,institutionalorganizations,andsocialgroupstostartindustriesorexpandbusinesseswithinthescopeallowedbystipulationsoflawsandadministrativedecreesforthepurposeofincreasingemployment.TheStateshallsupportlaborerstoorganizeandemploythemselvesonavoluntarybasisandtogetemployedinindividualbusinesses.Article11Localpeoplesgovernmentsatvariouslevelsshalltakemeasurestodevelopvariouskindsofjobagenciesandprovideemploymentservices.Article12Laborersshallnotbediscriminatedagainstinemploymentduetotheirnationality,race,sex,orreligiousbelief.Article13Womenshallenjoyequalrightsasmeninemployment.SexshallnotbeusedasapretextforexcludingwomenfromemploymentduringrecruitmentofworkersunlessthetypesofworkorpostsforwhichworkersarebeingrecruitedarenotsuitableforwomenaccordingtoStateregulations.Norshallthestandardsofrecruitmentberaisedwhenitcomestowomen.Article14Anyspecialstipulationsinlawsandregulationsabouttheemploymentofthedisabled,minoritypeople,anddemobilizedsoldiersshallbeobserved.Article15Theemployershallbebannedfromrecruitingjuvenilesundertheageof16.Art,sportsandspecial-skillunitsthatplantorecruitjuvenilesundertheageof16shallgothroughexaminationandapprovalproceduresaccordingtorelevantStateregulationsandguaranteetherightoftheemployedtoreceivecompulsoryeducation.3Chapter3-LaborContractsandCollectiveContractsArticle16Laborcontractsareagreementsreachedbetweenlaborersandtheemployertoestablishlaborrelationshipsandspecifytherights,interestsandobligationsofeachparty.Laborcontractsshallbeconcludediflaborrelationshipsaretobeestablished.Article17Conclusionandalterationoflaborcontractsshallfollowtheprincipleofequality,voluntariness,*andagreementthroughconsultation.Theyshallnotruncountertostipulationsinlawsoradministrativedecrees.Laborcontractsshallbecomelegallybindingoncetheyareconcludedinaccordancewithlaw.Thepartiesinvolvedshallfulfillobligationsstipulatedinlaborcontracts.Article18Thefollowinglaborcontractsshallbeinvalid;(1)Laborcontractsconcludedagainstlawsoradministrativedecrees;(2)Laborcontractsconcludedthroughcheating,threat,oranyothermeans.Invalidlaborcontractsshallnotbelegallybindingfromtheverybeginningoftheirconclusion.Ifalaborcontractisconfirmedasbeingpa