太平天国前期高层文书人员的命运

2008812(1,215123;2,210001)[];;;[],,,,,,,[]K820=5[]A[]058320214(2008)0820056210AStudyontheFateoftheHigh2gradeClerksforDocumentsintheEarlierStageoftheTaipingHeavenlyKingdomZHUCong2bing1ZHANGLei2(1.SocialSchool,SuzhouUniversity,Suzhou215023;2.DepartmentofResearch,MuseumfortheHistoryofTaipingHeavenlyKingdom,Nanjing210001,Jiangsu,China)Keywords:TheTaipingHeavenlyKingdom;high2gradeclerksfordocuments;ZengShuiyuan;YangXiuqingAbstract:TheTaipingHeavenlyKingdomhadcultivatedlotsofclerksfordocumentsforlargeamountofnonmilitaryworksduringthegradualdevelopmentofitsearlierstage.Thosehigh2gradeclerksfordocumentswhoworkedindiffer2entKingsmansionshadacloserelationshipwiththeseKings,andhadoncereachedthestageoftheirsplendidlifewithhighersocialpositions.However,withtheinternalpowerstrugglebetweenleadingmembersinearlierstage,thetrendofYangXiuqingscentralizationofpowerandautocracygraduallyrosetoview,thefateoftheseclerksfordocumentswerelurkingwithgreatdangers.Someofthemexperiencedakindofdestinytracksinashorttime:theyweretrustedinthefirstplace,thendoubted,andfinallykilled.ThefateofZengShuiyuanwasacaseinpoint.,,\,,3,,,,,::,1984;:,1984;:,1987;:,1995;:,,2001;:,1978;:,1994;:\,1999(1991)w(18471849)(19491951)(19511955)(19551956)(19561958)(19581959)(1995)(377)(434)w(458)(487)(516)(535536)(536)::,:,1956;:,:,,1988;:,,,1988;:,:,,199865,,,,,[1](3,p1951),,,10,,,20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[2](4,p669),,,,,[2](4,p354),,,,,,,,:,,[3](1,p2),,,,:()(),,,,,,[2](2,p648),,::,,,[2](3,p57):,,[2](3,p57):,,,,,,,[2](3,p5960)::,,,,,[2](3,p58):,,,,,[2](3,p5859),,,,,:,,()[2](4,p669),,:,,,,,[2](3,p57):,,[2](3,p57),,,75()1997420075,,,,,[4](p216217),,,,:,,,,,,,[2](3,p57),:,,,,,,,,,[2](3,p52),,,,,,[2](3,p53),,,,w,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,[2](3,p57),,,:,,,[2](3,p60),,,,[2](3,p67),,,[2](3,p64),:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[2](3,p5758),,,,,,,,,,[2](3,p58),:,[2](3,p59),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[4](p34),,,,,,85,,,,,,,,,,,,:,[2](3,p57),,,,::[2](3,p51):,[2](3,p5354):,,,,[2](3,p57):,[2](3,p60):,,[2](3,p58):(),,,,[2](3,p58):,,[2](3,p59),,:,:,,,[2](3,p67):,,,,[2](3,p64):,[2](3,p68):,,,,,,[2](3,p58),,:,7:,241/4,,[2](3,p104),,,,7,,,,,,7,,,7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,95,(),,(),,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,[8],,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,[2](4,p673),:,,[5](,p129),,,,,,,,,,,,::,,,,[2](3,p57):,,,,,[2](4,p672):,,,,[6](4,p49):,,[2](3,p51),,,[2](3,p104):,[2](3,p54),,,,,[2](4,p671):,,[2](3,p57):,[2](4,p672):,[6](4,p49):,,,,,,,[2](3,p60):,,,,,,,,,,[2](3,p5758):,,06[2](4,p673):,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,[2](3,p52):,,[2](4,p673),,:,[2](3,p59):,:,,,,,,[2](3,p64):,,,,,[2](3,p68):,[2](3,p58),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,16:,,,(4671),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,[2](3,p96),,,,,,,,,,[2](3,p102),,[8](p103),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,:,:,,:,[6](2,p329330),,,?,:,[2](4,p680):(),,[2](3,p57),,,,,,,,,,:(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,26[3](2,p257)(),,,,,,,,,,[3](2,p258),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1854,18541116,,:(1116),,,,,,,,,,,,[9](p10)(),[2](8,p381):,,,,,,,,,,,,,[9](p45),,,,::,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,[4](p244245),,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,[3](1,p324):,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[3](2,p309310)[6](4,p264):,[7](p113),,,,36,,,,:,,,,,,,,:,,,[6](2,p332),,,,,,,,20,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,3:,,?:,,,,:,,,,:,?,,,,,3,3,,,:,,,?,?:,,,::,?:,:,,,,,:,,:,,,:,,[6](2,p333335),,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,46,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:[1].[M].:,1991.[2].[C].:,,2000.[3].[C].:,1980.[4].[C].:,1979.[5].[C].:,1978.[6],:[C].:,2004.[7][C]..:,1986.[8].[J].,1999,(5).[9].:16[C].:,1994.20070812,,;,56