BCG面试实例•在管理咨询公司的面试中,通常有一种被称为“商务问题”的面试方法,您的考官向您提供一种场景,然后要您提出解决问题的建议。您需要像一个顾问一样向考官文一些关键问题,通过这些关键问题反映您的思维逻辑,同时通过这些问题发现解决方案。•下面是一个实例,请注意:同样的一个场景,基于您分析问题的逻辑将有无数种进展方式,绝对没有统一的答案或问题。场景•YourclientisthelargestdiscountretailerinCanada,with500storesspreadthroughoutthecountry.Let‘scallit“CanadaCo.”Forseveralyearsrunning,CanadaCohassurpassedthesecondlargestCanadianretailer(300stores)inbothrelativemarketshareandprofitability.•CanadaCo是加拿大最大的折扣零售集团,拥有遍及全国的500家连锁店。经过几年的运营,它在市场占有率及盈利方面都已远远超过了拥有300家连锁店的第二大零售公司。它是本公司的客户之一。•ThelargestdiscountretailerintheUnitedStates,USCo,however,hasjustboughtoutCanadaCo'scompetitionandisplanningtoconvertall300storestoUSCostores.TheCEOofCanadaCoisquiteperturbedbythisturnofevents,andasksyouthefollowingquestions:ShouldIbeworried?HowshouldIreact?HowwouldyouadvisetheCEO?•USCo是美国最大的折扣零售集团。它收购了第二大的零售公司,准备将其拥有的300家店全部改造成USCo连锁店的形式。CanadaCo集团的CEO对此深感忧虑,他向你这样问到:“我应该对事态的发展担忧吗?应该如何应对呢”•你怎样向这位CEO提出你的建议呢?•Q(应聘者):Well,beforeIcanadvisetheCEOIneedsomemoreinformationaboutthesituation.Firstofall,I'mnotsureIunderstandwhatadiscountretaileris!•A(考官):Adiscountretailersellsalargevarietyofconsumergoodsatdiscountedprices,generallycarryingeverythingfromhousewaresandappliancestoclothing.Kmart,Woolworth,andWal-MartareprimeexamplesintheU.S.•Q(应聘者):在我向他提出建议之前,我必须对情况作进一步的了解。首先,我不太明白什么是“折扣零售店”。•A(考官):“折扣零售店”以折扣价格销售各种各样的商品,包括家庭用具、服装等等,象美国的沃尔玛超市就是这样的例子。•Q:Oh,Isee.ThenIthinkitmakessensetostructuretheproblemthisway:First,let'sunderstandthecompetitionintheCanadianmarketandhowCanadaCohasbecomethemarketleader.Thenlet'slookattheU.S.tounderstandhowUSCohasachieveditsposition.Attheend,wecanmergethetwodiscussionstounderstandwhetherUSCo'sstrengthintheU.S.istransferabletotheCanadianmarket.•A:Thatsoundsfine.Let'sstart,then,withtheCanadiandiscountretailmarket.Whatwouldyouliketoknow?•Q:我知道了。我认为问题接下来应该这样分析:首先,我们应了解加拿大市场的竞争情况,以及CanadaCo是如何成为这个市场的领先者的;其次,分析美国市场及USCo的情况;最后,我们将二者结合起来分析,看USCo在美国成功的经验及其优势是否能移植到加拿大市场来。•A:对加拿大折扣零售市场,你希望了解一些什么情况呢?•Q:AreCanadaCo's500storesclosetothecompetition's300stores,ordotheyservedifferentgeographicareas?•A:Thestoresarelocatedinsimilargeographicregions.Infact,youmightevenseeaCanadaCostoreononecorner,andthecompetitionontheverynextcorner.•Q:CanadaCo的500家连锁店与其竞争对手的300家店是位于不同的地区还是相距很近呢?•A:两个集团的零售店基本上位于相同的地区,甚至你在某个角落里看见CanadaCo的商店,就会在不远处发现其竞争对手的零售店。•Q:DoCanadaCoandthecompetitionsellasimilarproductmix?•A:Yes.CanadaCo'sstorestendtohaveawidervarietyofbrandnames,butbyandlarge,theproductmixissimilar.•Q:AreCanadaCo'spricessignificantlylowerthanthecompetition's?•A:No.ForcertainitemsCanadaCoislessexpensive,andforothersthecompetitionislessexpensive,buttheaveragepricelevelissimilar.•Q:CanadaCo与其竞争对手销售同样的商品组合吗?A:是的。CanadaCo销售的部分商品含有更多的品牌,但总体上,两家公司销售的商品组合是相同的。•Q:CanadaCo销售商品的价格比起竞争对手低很多吗?•A:不。有的商品价格便宜一些,有的也高一些。在总体价格水平上同竞争对手是相当的。•Q:IsCanadaComoreprofitablejustbecauseithasmorestores,ordoesithavehigherprofitsperstore?•A:Itactuallyhashigherprofitsthanthecompetitiononaper-storebasis.•Q:Well,higherprofitscouldbetheresultoflowercostsorhigherrevenues.Arethehigherper-storeprofitsduetolowercoststhanthecompetition'sortheresultofhigherper-storesales?•A:CanadaCo'scoststructureisn'tanylowerthanthecompetition's.Itshigherper-storeprofitsareduetohigherper-storesales.•Q:CanadaCo的盈利超过对手,仅仅是因为它拥有更多的连锁店呢还是因为每家店的利润都更高?•A:实际是因为它每家店的盈利能力都比对手强。•Q:较高的利润里意味着较低的成本或较高的收益。那我们是在哪方面优于竞争对手呢?•A:CanadaCo的成本结构并不占优势。每家零售店的高利润来自于较大的销售量。•Q:Isthatbecauseithasbiggerstores?•A:No.CanadaCo'saveragestoresizeisapproximatelythesameasthatofthecompetition.•Q:Ifthey'resellingsimilarproductsatsimilarpricesinsimilar-sizedstoresinsimilarlocations,whyareCanadaCo'sper-storesaleshigherthanthecompetition's?•A:It'syourjobtofigurethatout!•Q:那适应为它的店面更大吗?•A:不是,CanadaCo零售店的平均规模与其竞争对手不相上下。•Q:那它们在相同的地点、以同样的价格出售相同的商品,为什么CanadaCo的销售量更大呢?•A:这正是你的任务呐!•Q:IsCanadaCobettermanagedthanthecompetition?•A:Idon'tknowthatCanadaCoasacompanyisnecessarilybettermanaged,butIcantellyouthatitsmanagementmodelforindividualstoresissignificantlydifferent.•Q:Howso?•A:Thecompetitor'sstoresarecentrallyownedbythecompany,whileCanadaCousesafranchisemodelinwhicheachindividualstoreisownedandmanagedbyafranchiseewhohasinvestedinthestoreandretainspartoftheprofit.•Q:是CanadaCo管理得更好吗?•A:我不知道作为一个集团,CanadaCo的管理是否更好,但它对零售店的管理模式是与竞争对手完全不同的。与竞争对其连锁店的集中管理不同,CanadaCo采取的是特许经营的方式,谁投资谁经营,谁享有利润分享权。•Q:Inthatcase,IwouldguessthattheCanadaCostoresareprobablybettermanaged,sincetheindividualstoreownershaveagreaterincentivetomaximizeprofit.•A:Youareexactlyright.ItturnsoutthatCanadaCo'shighersalesaredueprimarilytoasignificantlyhigherlevelofcustomerservice.Thestoresarecleaner,moreattractive,betterstocked,andsoon.Thecompanydiscoveredthisthroughaseriesofcustomersurveysitadministeredlastyear.Ithinkyou'vesufficientlycoveredtheCanadianmarket—let'smovenowtoadiscussionoftheU.S.market.•Q:那我认为CanadaCo的零售店应该管理得更好,因为每个店主都会拥有更强烈的利润最大化的动机。•A:正是如此。CanadaCo连锁店更大的销售量主要来源于优质的顾客服务水平,它们店面整洁,商品排列有序。这些结论都是通过去年进行的一系列顾客调查获得的。我想你对加拿大市场已经获得了足够的了解,让我们可以转到美国市场吧。•Q:HowmanystoresdoesUSCoownintheU.S.,andhowmanydoesthesecondlargestdiscountretailerown?•A:USCoowns4,000storesandthesecon