知识管理的理论与实践

234(P.F.Drucker,1965)(P.Drucker,1997)(B.Gates,1999)21(Knowledge-based)(LesterC.Thurow)5“Wenowknowthatthesourceofwealthissomethingspecificallyhuman:knowledge.Ifweapplyknowledgetotaskswealreadyknowhowtodo,wecallitproductivity.Ifweapplyknowledgetotasksthatarenewanddifferent,wecallitinnovation.Onlyknowledgeallowsustoachievethosetwogoals.”~P.F.DruckerAlittleknowledgecanbeadangerousthing.~AlexanderPope,EnglishPoet6–––––KM7Knowledgemanagementreferstotheeffortstosystematicallyfind,organize,andmakeavailableacompany’sintellectualcapitalandtofosteracultureofcontinuouslearningandknowledgesharingsothatorganizationalactivitiesbuildonwhatisalreadyknown.8(Data)(rawfact)(Information)(Knowledge)(InformationExperience)–(explicit)–(implicit)9(individualcompetency)(organizationalcompetency)(corecompetency)1011synergy(IntellectualCapital)–Theultimatedrivingmachine–Smoothassilk12(community)(socialecology)(sharing)Knowledge(PeopleInformation)“knowledgeinNokiaispoweronlywhenitisshared.”~J.Ollila,CEOofNokiaTelecommunications.sharing13DialogueLearninghistoriesandstory-tellingCommunitiesofpracticeDatawarehousinganddataminingKnowledgemappingElectroniclibrariesMechanismsInvestmoderatelyinITInvestheavilyinITTechnologyPerson-to-personapproach(personalization)People-to-documentsapproach(codification)KMStrategyTacitExplicitKnowledge1415––––/17IMKM(socialecology)18192021–––––––22–––––––23–(haloeffect)–GIGO(garbagein,garbageout)––––––(notinventedhere)–24NucorNucorSteel–1968–17–202000–US4.6B3737,900–101625Nucor–––(competency)–(know-how)––26Nucor1–••–•–(empowerment)•27Nucor2––•28Nucor3–•••–•(sharethepain)–29Nucor1–––“NotInventedHereButIDoItAnyway”Prize30Nucor2–IT––(community)31Nucor3––(bestpractice)––32Nucor4––––33Nucor5––341–––––352––––3637KM3839’’