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12123123456pH1234123123456789123451211.5m21210~20mm313-410-15cm2411320cm2~5%220mm210~15min0.5~1m1h24h0.5~1h23123123456114500C29000C39500C411500C*231234123561123231231123234511RRCO+H2NOH•HClRRCNOH+H2O+HCl50%(1+180%250%~100%2~32~3K251005524252455345K20~2521C6H5HNNH2+OCHR===C6H5HNNCHR+H2OH2NHOH•HCl+RCHO===RCHNHOH+H2O+HCl22RNH2+C4H9-CH(C2H)-CHO→RN=CH(C2H6)-C4H9+H2O→R2NH+CS2R2N-C(SH)=S3vv123v11.2.3.4.5.6.7.HCl-HNO331H2SO4-H3PO4H2SO4-HFHgS2H2OCO21267%HNO376%HClO41׃1330%31K2S2O7419KHSO4419300TiO2OHOSKKHSO272242+──→─422472222)(2SOKSOTiOSKTiO+─→─+SO32NH4FNH4NO3NH4Cl1700260034MgO+Na2CO32+3MgO+Na2CO31+2ZnO+Na2CO31+2-(1:5)-+1:1+3:2+12:1-1:1-(1:2)-(1:2)-(1:10)--+-+-+-+-+-++++++--+--+--+++++--+--+---+-+---+----------++-++++-+-+++++---++------++-++++-51500~55023Na2SO3Na2CO341006781R%100×==R1%R99.9%0.01%~1%R99%0.01%R90%~95%2SB/ASB/ABABA%100/×=ABABRRSBAAB1NaOHNH3H2S1[OH]NaOHpHNH3Ag+,Cd2+,Cu2+,Co2+,Zn2+,Ni2+Fe3+,Al3+Ti()NH4+pH8~9,Mg(OH)2NH4+pHZnOZnOpHpH6pH240H2SH2SCH3CSNH2+2H2O+H+=CH3COOH+H2S+NH4+CH3CSNH2+3OH=CH3COO+S+NH3+H2O3HFNH4FZr()Hf()Th()Bi3+218-Al3+Zn2+8-2--8-Zn2+Al3+Al3+Zn2+Fe3+Th(IV)V(V)Al3+Cr3+Co2+Ni2+2K+2.2510-8331Fe(OH)3Al(OH)3MnO(OH)22Pb2+Ba2+BaSO4Pb2+3U(VI)-1--2-α-α-U(VI)-1--2-α-U(VI)90901978--11KDAAAKDKD=[A]o/[A]w[A]o[A]wA2DDwoccD=cocwA3EoowwooVcVcVcE+==VoVwEDowVVDDE/+=VoVw1+=DDE4D%1001%×⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛+-=nVDVVE100mlI210mg90mlCCl4D=85%7.98100901008585%=×+=EI2V=305310374.51003085100102-×=⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛+××=Im%9995.991001010374.510%5=××-=-EE%95%85%99.9%2HgClBrI2AsClBrI3I2Br2318-HCCl3Al3+2ClClO4Cu++2NN=Cu(Bq)2+(Bq)]ClCu(Bq)[ClCu(Bq)22-+-+⋅=+3TBPFeCl3HFeCl44TBPI2Cl2Br2AsI3SnI4GeCl4OsO4CCl4CHCl341KfKd(HR)2D3Kd(MRn)45128-3NaHCO3NaHCO3NaOHHCl612341978Waters1cm1mL12345-10-15HPLC5-TcPcCO2CO2CO2CO2CO2CO2CO2CO2CO212311-SO3H-COOH-OH2[-N(CH3)3Cl]#7173[N(CH2COOH)2]21H+OHH+OHH2O23SA-110Ga3+In3+0.45~1.0mol/LHClIn3+Ga3+4Fe3+Fe3+HSO4Fe3+5—H—H+112(retardationfactorRf),1hhRf/11=2hhRf/22=3hhRf/33=hh1h2h3123,3212,CCl4CHCl31,2HAcCHONSNH4NH3123412W/OO/WBABA567778CaCl2MgSO45%NaOH/5%HCl/1—GB/T686-20081.160mL/min130170150—2.12.240mL/min601601402.32μL1.2846g0.3641g2μL2—1.11.240mL/min601601401.32μL0.9922g0.7419g2μL3—GB/T10345.7-891.130mL/min1001201102.1500mL0.1mol/LNaOH0.5mol/LNaOH0.5mol/L2.22g250mLφ95%5c(NaOH)0.1mol/LNaOHc(NaOH)0.5mol/LNaOH40mL10012CO220mL23c(HCl)0.5mol/L4—GB/T5009.29-20031.1230nmODS,C180.02mol/L5951mL/min10μL2.10.1mol/LNaOH2.20.8g20.1mol/LNaOHV5-—1.1-50mL95%1.20.8g20.1mol/LNaOH250mL250mL95%0.5mL250mL95%0.4075g250mL95%0.5mL250mL95%λ=249nm-2.150mL95%200g/L0.5mol/LNaOH2.21g250mL95%20mL10mL200g/L40min3c(NaOH)0.5mol/LNaOH12⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡±ntSx()UA±2/12⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+≤-UntSAxntS±rR1rr95%σ22=rStr2=2RR95%2222bwRσσ+⋅=222bwSStr+⋅=2wσ2bσaaxyaΔΔ=/aSEESa/1N/S322S1S2S3S03S033σ12xxm3m10