2013‐3‐132什么是创造力1什么是创造力创意的来源23创造性思维创造性思维方法4•Creativity is the ability of overcoming old‐established structures and modes of thinking and combining elements of knowledge and experience from various areas in such a way as to come up with novel/new and useful ideas. •Creativity in companies is normally directed to solve problems.2013‐3‐133•Creative Thinking is generative not analyticalihikiidi•Creative Thinking is divergentnot convergent •Creative Thinking is concerned with possibility not probability •Creative Thinking is diffusednot focused•Creative Thinking is subjectivenot objective•Creative Thinking looks for an answer not the answer •CreativeThinkingusuallysays“yesand”not“yes•Creative Thinking usually says yes and… not yes but…” •Curiosity. •Enjoyingchallenge• Enjoying challenge. • Not giving up easily: persevering to find a solution. • Comfortable with imagination / Flexible imagination. • Being optimistic about the possibility of solutions. Negative attitudes for Creativity•Learnedhelplessness•Learnedhelplessness.•Functionalfixation/Prejudice.•Psychologicalblocks–negativity,overconfidence,etc.•Thebestanswer/solution/methodhasalreadybeenfound.•Everyproblemhasonlyonesolution(oronerightanswer).2013‐3‐1341.Stimulateyourartisticsidethroughothermediums.1. Stimulate your artistic side through other mediums. 2. Set up a dedicated work space. 3. Become part of a Creative Community. 4. Play! Have Fun! 5. Allow for float time. 6. Be intentional about creativity 7. Meditation / Yoga / Stress Reduction. 8. Just do it –don’t think too much about it!!! ☺什么是创造力1创意的来源23创造性思维创造性思维方法42013‐3‐135• Customers • Market (competitors, fairs, other countries) • Creative staff members • Project team members • Analysis of technologies • Idea generation in special sessions or workshops with the help of creativity techniquesIdeagenerationalsotakesplaceinspecialsessionsorworkshopswiththehelpofcreativitytechniquesIBMInstituteforBusinessValue,CEOStudy20062013‐3‐136»The Nexia Story;»Bio‐technicians insert silk‐producing gene from golden orb weaver spider into herd of goats!»Goats produce milk containing essence of spider webs»Researchers use milk to “spin” silk‐like threadsThilkthdtthtl(litiii»These silk‐threads stronger than steel( applications in air bags, fishing line, non‐tear sports jerseys, ophthalmic sutures & artificial tendons)»Computer animation( The shrek& Monsters, Inc. Story):˃Traditional cell animators each frame drawn by hand( 24 frames per second x 75 minutes in feature length film)˃Pixar = drawing by computers˃Frees animators from drawing to concentrate on acting!˃Our animators take acting lessons( Steve Jobs,1996)˃Merging computer animation with traditional filmmaking( the 3D story)2013‐3‐137绿音阁什么是创造力1创意的来源23创造性思维创造性思维方法42013‐3‐138人的肢体:脆弱像芦苇人的头脑:征服全世界创新过程三阶段:创新过程阶段»寻找目标---发现并界定问题;»构想创意---获得思维产品;»论证实施‐‐‐证明并付诸实践。社会主义、共产主义首先是马克思构想的2013‐3‐139创新有方法创新有方法»方法正确‐事半功倍»方法错误‐千难万险»手段‐目的分析法想想自己:想想自己:最近一次创新是在最近一次创新是在33天之前?天之前?天之前?天之前?3030天之前?天之前?300300天之前?天之前?2013‐3‐1310下课之后才是»下课之后才是真正的上课»新的习惯引导新的人生创新要求我们改变老的习惯建立新的习惯,小孩不需要训练不是指天天想,指思路上的突破和思维方法的创新2013‐3‐1311»在思维实践中,每个人都形成了自己所惯用的、格式化的思考模型.»当面临外界事物时,能够不假思索地纳入特定思维框架进行处理。对普通的事物思维定势有用的,但对创新是有害的a. 跳出从众定势a. 跳出从众定势A.跳出思维定势b. 跳出经验定势b. 跳出经验定势拓展主体视角拓展主体视角B、拓展思维视角b. 拓展时间视角b. 拓展时间视角a. 拓展主体视角a. 拓展主体视角2013‐3‐1312哥伦布的问题:怎样把一只鸡蛋竖立在桌面上?AA、跳出思维定势、跳出思维定势蓦然回首蓦然回首那人却在那人却在灯火阑珊处灯火阑珊处Eureka!Eureka!2013‐3‐1313»不许标新立异!»枪打出头鸟!»经验的狭隘性:»经验的狭隘性:时间—空间—条件—历来如此的,便对么?2013‐3‐1314b.b.跳出经验定势跳出经验定势»传统就是前人的经验前人当时只能那样做我们现在我们现在不必那样做2013‐3‐1315»»横看成岭侧成峰横看成岭侧成峰远近高低各不同远近高低各不同哪里是庐山真面目哪里是庐山真面目??哪里是庐山真面目哪里是庐山真面目??已所不欲a.a.拓展主体视角拓展主体视角他人:他人:“假如我“假如我自我:自我:““我理我理所不欲勿施于人“假如我“假如我是别人”是别人”““我理我理解解””、、““我喜欢我喜欢””2013‐3‐1316将来过去现在曾经怎样?目前怎样?以后怎样?2013‐3‐1317团队协作:团队协作:»三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮»怎样防止从众定势?»»创新思维是习惯创新思维是习惯关键在于天天练关键在于天天练!!»有了创意立即行动快鱼吃慢鱼!2013‐3‐1318什么是创造力1创意的来源23创造性思维创造性思维方法4激发创意的方法逆向思维头脑风暴六顶思考帽焦点小组调查其他调查其他2013‐3‐1319Creative Performance vs. Group Size头脑头脑暴暴逆向思维逆向思维指将指将人们通常思考问题的思路反过来,用人们通常思考问题的思路反过来,用创造性思维方法创造性思维方法::逆向思维逆向思维风暴风暴创新性思维创新性思维方法方法六帽思维六帽思维对立的、似乎不可能的办法解决问题的思维方法。对立的、似乎不可能的办法解决问题的思维方法。利用这种思维方法,可以巧妙地解决一些正常思维利用这种思维方法,可以巧妙地解决一些正常思维所不能解决的问题所不能解决的问题。。逆向思维2013‐3‐1320»Think of a products or concept and its market »Thinkabouttheassumptionsassociatedwiththe»Think about the assumptions associated with the products/concept»Write down assumptions»Reverse them»Make reversals meaningful in the same or difftktdifferent marketAssumptionsReversalpRestaurantshavemenusRestaurantshavenomenusRestaurantschargemoneyforfoodRestaurantsdonotchargemoneyforfoodRestaurantsservefoodRestaurantsdonotservefood2013‐3‐1321创造性思维方法创造性思维方法头脑风暴头脑风暴六帽六帽思维思维参加者参加者66--88人人最好有外行最好有外行人人思维思维创新性思维创新性思维方法方法逆向思维逆向思维围着圆桌坐围着圆桌坐下下一小时之内一小时之内结束结束头脑风暴参会人员不分尊卑禁止指责别人的设想创造性思维其他方法创造性思维其他方法::头脑风暴头脑风暴参会人员不分尊卑任意自由想象禁止指责别人的设想束缚越少越好可借助于别人的想法或可综合几个人的想法来激发灵感所有设想记录但等会议结束后头脑风暴法激发灵感设想总量越大越好最早并非最好再评价产生想法越新奇越好2013‐3‐1322头脑风暴能够激发罕见创意的两个原因:由于活动中禁止批评,因此人们比平时更有可能提出创意活动专注于创造力而非做出评估在许多会议中,当一个人发表观点,团体中的其他人就会立即予以评价。这是因为大多数人更善于否定创意,而不善于提出新创意。Recommendation: Stretch the process even into a phase