复旦生物学野外实习课件03追踪鸟类的迁徙

追踪鸟类的迁徙2015年7月14日1ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]鸟类的居留型留鸟：终年栖息在固定区域而不迁徙的鸟类。如树麻雀候鸟：随气候变化季节性地改变栖息场所的鸟类。夏候鸟：夏季飞来繁殖，冬季南去越冬的鸟类，如家燕冬候鸟：冬季飞来越冬，春季北去繁殖的鸟类，如大部分雁鸭旅鸟：迁徙途中在某地暂时停留栖息的鸟类，如大部分鸻鹬2ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]3ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]鸟类的迁徙全球近10000种鸟类，1/3以上的种类为候鸟，个体数以亿计迁徙：以年为周期，有季节规律地跨越远距离空间的移动4ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]5鸟类的迁徙ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]介绍内容鸟类迁徙的研究方法鸟类环志迁飞观察卫星跟踪光敏定位仪候鸟对迁徙活动的适应性6与公民科学(citizenscience)密切相关ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]7鸟类环志1899年，丹麦教师HansMortensen首次开展鸟类环志(birdbanding/ringing)ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]8研究方法BirdtrapsZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]鸟类环志全球每年环志鸟类数量约1000万,环志机构和环志站点遍及全球，为了解鸟类的迁徙活动提供了大量资料9ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]10鸟类环志足旗(legflag)标记的方法使环志鸟类的回收率提高了5-20倍ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]11ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]鸟类环志13崇明东滩鸻鹬类的迁徙路线ShanghaiCityChongmingDongtanZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]鸟类环志东太平洋迁徙路线美洲内陆迁徙路线西大西洋迁徙路线东大西洋迁徙路线地中海迁徙路线东非迁徙路线印度迁徙路线东亚-澳大利西亚迁徙路线ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]迁飞观察15BreedingBirdSurvey(BBS)ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]tiondeparting(2008–2010).Opencirclesindicateunobserveddepartures.Paleshadingindicatescalmconditions(MWP=-5~+5km/h).Darkshadingindicatesheadwinds(MWP-5km/h).ConklinandBattley,2011.ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]17迁飞观察050010001500NNEESESSWWNW风向对春季崇明东滩迁徙鸻鹬类的影响风向天数鸟类平均数量(只/天)N121156±822aNE11677±356a,bE13280±129bSE22286±233bS16502±328bSW10761±612a,bW7607±531a,bNW131366±1155aZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]18ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]亚种piersmai 亚种6000 km5000 km10000 km4500 km红腹滨鹬ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]22卫星跟踪ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]23研究方法Migrationofasatellite-trackedradio-taggedShort-toedEagleCircaetusgallicusfromFrancetoNiger,showingthedailydistancesflownandthenightlystoppingplaces.ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]24卫星跟踪ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]25动物的迁移ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]卫星跟踪26Waterfowl42gShorebird18gShorebird26gZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]27ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]28ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]卫星跟踪环志和卫星跟踪的比较环志优点：价格低廉，适用于各种鸟类，公众参与局限性：回收率低。小型鸟类回收率极低卫星跟踪优点：迅速获得大量、准确的资料局限性：价格昂贵，不适用于小型鸟类(100g)29ZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]30光敏地理定位仪/Light-levelgeolocatorZhijunMa/SchoolofLifeSciences,FudanUniversity/No.2005SonghuRoad,Shanghai,200438,PRChina/E-mail:[e-mail]31光敏地理定位仪Geolocationtracksofindividualpurplemartins(AandB)andwoodthrushes(CandD)thatbredinnorthernPennsylvania,USA(Stutchburyetal.Scie