论我国食品安全保障制度

I摘要食品安全自文明社会早期以来就一直是人类十分关心的重要课题。我国自改革开放以来，食品工业获得了前所未有的发展，尤其是在20世纪最后10年，食品工业以年均10%以上的增速，成为我国经济的第一大支柱产业。在食品产业取得如此骄人成就的同时，伴随而来的是我国食品安全事件的集中大爆发。2008年三鹿婴幼儿奶粉事件的爆发直接促成了我国食品安全立法的新发展。2009年6月1日，《中华人民共和国食品安全法》（以下简称《食品安全法》）正式施行，该法实施三年以来，我国食品安全保障工作取得了显著的成效，目前，我国已基本建立了以《食品安全法》为主、辅以相关配套法律法规的食品安全法律保障体系，设立了食品安全委员会综合协调、各相关部门分别监管的监管机构体系，形成了以国家标准为主，地方标准、企业标准为补充的食品安全标准体系，构建了集民事责任、行政责任、刑事责任在内的法律责任体系。尽管如此，我国食品安全问题仍旧突出，政府“独导”食品安全监管已面临着现实的挑战。因此，必须构建起社会各方广泛参与的食品安全管理格局，建立食品安全多元保障制度和模式。通过对食品安全保障科学内涵的了解，梳理并分析我国食品安全保障制度的现状，同时结合欧盟、美国、日本食品安全保障制度的经验，我国应在《食品安全法》修订中，确立“消费者中心”的立法理念，通过整合政府监管体系、完善食品安全标准制度、完善食品安全信息供给制度、建立企业自我管理制度、完善食品安全社会监督制度，逐步将食品安全保障的重心转移至“事前预防”上来，同时结合法律责任等“事后控制”举措共同促进食品安全管理水平的全面提升。关键词食品安全；食品安全保障；多主体参与IIABSTRACTFoodsafetyhasalwaysbeenthemostimportantissueconcernedbyhumanbeingssincetheearlydaysofthecivilizedsociety.InChina,thefoodindustryhasobtainedaunprecedenteddevelopmentwithannualaverageofover10%andbecomethefirstpillarindustryoftheeconomywiththeimplementofreformandopening-uppolicy,especiallyinthelastdecadeofthe20thcentury.Withthethrivedevelopmentofthefoodindustry,therefollowedaconcentratedoutbreakoffoodsafetyevents.In2008,theoutbreakofthemelamineeventdirectlycontributedtothenewdevelopmentofthelegislationoffoodsafetyinourcountry.OnJune1,2009,FoodSafetyLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(hereinafterreferredtoasthefoodsafetylaw)formallyimplemented,inthepastthreeyears,Chinesefoodsafetyworkhasobtainedaremarkableresult,atpresent,ourcountryhasbasicallyestablishedthefoodlawsystemcomposedbyfoodsafetylaw,theotherrelevantstatutesandregulations,setuparegulatoryinstitutionsystemconsistedofFoodSafetyCommissionandothersupervisiondepartments,constituteafoodsafetystandardsystemmadeupbythenationalstandards,localstandardsandenterprisestandards,buildalegalliabilitysystemcomposedbycivilliability,administrativeliabilityandcriminalliability.Nevertheless,thefoodsafetysituationinourcountryisstillsogrimthatweshouldtakemeasurestoimproveit.Thegovernmentaloneguideoffoodsafetyregulationhasbeenfacingrealchallenges.Sowemustbuildupthesocietywidelyparticipationandsetupamultiplesecuritysysteminfoodsafety.Throughtheunderstandingoffoodsafetyguaranteescientificconnotation,withtheanalysisofthestatusquooffoodsafetyguaranteesysteminourcountryandtheinspectionofEuropeanUnion,theUnitedStates,Japan'sexperienceinfoodsafetyguaranteesystem,Chinashouldshifttothemodelofregulationbeforehandbyrevisingthefoodsafetylaw,establishingcustomercenterconcept,futherintegratingthegovernmentregulationsystem,improvingthefoodsafetyinformationsupplysystem,settingupenterprisemanagementsystem,improvingfoodsafetysupervisionsystem,andwiththehelpoflegalresponsibility,soastopromotetheleveloffoodsafetymanagement.KEYWORDfoodsafety;foodsafetyguarantee;multipleparticipationIII目录中文摘要....................................................................................................I英文摘要..................................................................................................II目录..................................................................................................III绪论....................................................................................................1第1章食品安全保障相关概念的厘定..........................................................21.1食品..............................................................................................21.2食品安全.......................................................................................21.2.1食品安全的定义....................................................................21.2.2食品安全的特征....................................................................31.2.3食品安全的影响因素..............................................................41.3食品安全保障.................................................................................51.4食品安全保障主体..........................................................................51.4.1政府监管：食品安全保障的主导力..........................................51.4.2企业自律：食品安全保障的基础.............................................61.4.3社会监督：食品安全保障的助推剂..........................................7第2章我国食品安全保障制度的现状..........................................................92.1我国食品安全保障制度的现状.........................................................92.1.1食品安全保障制度构成..........................................................92.1.2食品安全政府监管制度..........................................................92.1.3食品安全标准制度...............................................................102.1.4食品安全法律责任制度........................................................102.1.5食品安全社会监督制度........................................................112.2我国食品安全保障制度中存在的问题.............................................112.2.1政府监管制度存缺漏............................................................122.2.2企业自我管理制度待健全.....................................................142.2.3社会监督制度待完善............................................................15第3章国外食品安全保障制度的借鉴与启示..............................................173.1国外食品安全保障制度的考察.......................................................173.1.1欧盟食品安全保障制度的考察........