NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构

BasicFire&LifeSafetyforRadiationSafetyProfessionalsRobertEmery,DrPH,CHP,CIH,CSP,RBP,CHMM,CPP,ARMVicePresidentforSafety,Health,Environment,RiskManagement&QualityAssuranceTheUniversityofTexasHealthScienceCenteratHoustonAssociateProfessorofOccupationalHealthTheUniversityofTexasSchoolofPublicHealthSlide2Whydoweneedfireandlifesafetycodes?AccordingtotheNFPA,in2007therewere…530,500structurefires–oneeveryminute3,000civiliandeaths–oneevery2.5hours15,350civilianinjuries–oneevery30minutes$10,600,000,000inpropertydamageAfiredepartmentrespondedtoafireevery20secondsSlide3ObjectivesIntroducethecodesthatdrivefireandlifesafetycomplianceOverviewoffiredetectionandsuppressionProvidetoolstoconductabasicfireandlifesafetyassessmentSlide4FireRegulationsandCodesSafetyandHealthRegulations–OSHA(29CFR1910&1926)FireandLifeSafetyCodes–InternationalBuildingCode(IBC)–NationalFireProtectionAssociation(NFPA)–MunicipalRequirementsSlide5AdditionalRequirementsAllcodesareminimumrequirementsInsurancecompanyrequirementsCompanypoliciesTheJointCommissionStateand/orCityrequirementsSlide6HowareTheseCodesEnforcedCodesareadoptedbyreferencebyordinance.Plansforremodelingoranewconstructionmustbeapprovedbytheauthorityhavingjurisdiction(AHJ)priortostartingwork.–StateFireMarshal’sOffice–LocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeOfficials–DesignatedLocalAHJTakeHomeMessage–Knowwhatcode(s)applytoyouroperationSlide7WhichdoIfollow?Remodelingornewconstructionplansmustbeapprovedbyauthorityhavingjurisdiction(AHJ)priortostartingwork–StateFireMarshal’sOffice–LocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeOfficials–DesignatedLocalAHJSlide8FeaturesofBuildingFireandLifeSafetyAlarmsSprinklersRatedCorridorsExitAccessNumberofRequiredExitsEgressWidthsOccupantLoadsElevatorRecallFireRatedDoors&FramesSmokeControlRatedStairwellsFireproofingRequirementsElectricalSafetyConstructionCombustibilityFireandSmokeDampersEmergencyPowerRoofAssembliesSlide9FireAlarmSystemsPlayanEssentialRoleinProtectingPropertyandLivesFromFire.ProtectionGoalsGovernsSystemSelection–BuildingOccupantSafety–SatisfyBuildingCodesorAHJRequirements–PropertyProtection–FirstResponderSafety–EnvironmentalProtection–CombinationSlide10FireAlarmSystemsIBCreferencesNFPA72forinstallationandmaintenanceNFPA72–NationalFireAlarmCodeBasicComponents–Panel–Detection–ManualAlarm–Notification–Off-PremisesConnectionforSupervisionSlide11FireAlarmSystemsFireAlarmSystemWillProvideThreeTypesofSignals–Alarm–Trouble–indicatesafaultinamonitoringcircuitorcomponentofthefirealarmsystemBadsmokedetectorGroundfault–Supervisory–indicatesaproblemwithotherfireprotectionsystemsbeingmonitoredbythefirealarmsystemWatervalvetosprinklersystemclosedCleanagentsystemproblemAlarmSupervisoryTroubleSlide12Off-PremisesConnectionforSupervisionSlide13CommonFireDetectionSmokeDetectorIonizationPhotoelectricHeatDetectorsFixedTemperatureRate-of-RiseSlide14ManualPullStationsManualpulldeviceswillbelocatedonthewallActivatedbypullingonahandleSendssignaltobuilding’sfirealarmsystemwhichplacesthebuildingintoalarmSlide15NotificationAppliancesAudiblealarms(Howloudisloudenough?)–Public–SPLmustbe5dBaboveanyambientnoisethatlasts60sec.ormore,or15dBabovethe24-hraverage,whicheverisgreater–Sleepingquarters–Minimumof75dBASlide16NotificationAppliancesVoiceCommunication–BettertohavealargernumberoflowerSPLunitsvs.afewveryloudunits–IntelligibilitycanbeaproblemSlide17NotificationAppliancesVisualalarms–PrimarilyintendedtoaugmentaudiblealarmsCommonLocationsofVisualAlarms–Corridors–Meetingrooms–Restrooms–EnclosedelevatorlobbiesSlide18FireAlarmSystemInterfacesHeatingVentilationandAirConditioning–Ductdetectors–AHUshut-downSprinklerwaterflowalarmsMagneticlockreleasemechanismsDoorunlockingdevicesElevatorrecallStairwellpressurizationSlide19SystemReliabilityBasedonFourElements–Design–EquipmentUnderwritersLaboratoriesFactoryMutualGlobal–Installation–MaintenanceInspection,Testing,andMaintenancearecrucialUnfortunately,someproblemsmaybeidentifiedafterthepreviousthreehavebeencompletedEquipmentInstallationMaintenanceDesignSlide20FireSuppressionWaterBasedSuppressionCleanAgentSystemsFireExtinguishersSlide21WaterBasedSuppressionWet-Pipe–Systemcontainswaterunderpressureatalltimes–Seriesofclosedsprinklerheads–Heatactivatessprinklerhead–Waterisdischargedimmediately*Notrecommendedifsystemcouldbeexposedtotemperaturesbelow40ºFSlide22Wet-PipeSystem1.Mainvalve2.Alarmcheckvalve3.Firedepartmentcheckvalve4.Firedepartmentconnection5.Watermotoralarm6.Sprinklerhead7.Inspector’stestvalveSlide23Wet-PipeSystemOnlythesprinklerheadsheatedbythefireactivateFiresprinklersspray18gallonsofwaterperminuteSprinklerheadAstemperaturerisesthebulbwillshatterWaterisreleasedanddeflectedinaspraypatternSlide24SprinklerColorCodesandRatingsColorSprinklerClassificationTemperatureRatingRedOrdinary135-170Yellow/GreenIntermediate175-225BlueHigh250-300PurpleExtraHigh325-375BlackUltraHigh500-575Slide25FieldMethodforTemporaryStoppageofSprinklerHeadSlide26Dry-PipeSystemSystemcontainsairunderpressure–Compre