机电产品生命周期评价指标与量化方法研究

:2009205225:(2006BAF02A01203,2006BAF02A08):(19712),,,,,.E2mail:[e-mail]3:(19632),,,,,,.E2mail:[e-mail]:167223961(2009)05200732061,2,13,1,1(1.,250061;2.,250101):,,,..:;;;:TH12:AAlifecycleassessmentindicatorssystemandquantificationmethodsofelectromechanicalproductsWANGXiao2wei1,2,LIJian2feng13,LIFang2yi1,WANGLi2ming1(1.SchoolofMechanicalEngineering,ShandongUniversity,Jinan250061,China;2.SchoolofMechanicalandElectricalEngineering,ShandongJianzhuUniversity,Jinan250101,China)Abstract:Thesystemboundariesandscopesweredefinedafterpresentingthelifecycleprocessmodelofelectromechanicalprod2ucts,andthekeyassessmentissueswereanalyzed.Then,theenvironment2impactindicatorssystemofelectromechanicalproductswasfoundconsideringthedesignfactors,includingtechniqueattributes,economicattributesandenvironmentalattributes.Thequantificationmethodsofassessmentfactorswerediscussedindetail.Finally,therationalityofindicatorssystemandthefeasibili2tyofquantificationmethodswereprovedbyitsapplicationonapint2sizedelectromotor.Keywords:lifecycleassessment(LCA);indicatorssystem;quantificationmethods;electromechanicalproducts0(lifecycleassessment,LCA)(),,,.,LCA[1].,LCA.,LCA,[223].[4],;[5];[6].,.[728]395Vol.39No.5()JOURNALOFSHANDONGUNIVERSITY(ENGINEERINGSCIENCE)200910Oct.2009,.1LCA2060(midwestresearchinstitute,MRI)[9].19908(societyofenvironmenttoxicologyandchemistry,SETAC)LCA[10].,(ISO)ISO14000,LCA4:[11].LCA,..,(lifecycleimpactassessment,LCIA)LCA.[12],10,,.,,LCA.2211,,.,.1,3:,,2,;(),();,.1Fig.1Thestagesmodelofthelifecycleofelectromechanicalproducts212.,LCA.,,[13].,,,.LCA[14],,[15],LCA74()39.,.,().SO2,SO2,,;,.3,,.311LCA,,,LCA3[16].,4(),3,4.22.2(2)Fig.2Theindicatorssystemofelectromechanicalproducts(suppertwo2tier),Ii=j(IijWij).(1)[18]AHP,,,,AHP.312ISO140423.,3.3Fig.3TheenvironmentalindicatorsoftheLCAsystem5,:754.,..,(1)..1Table1Thecoefficientsoffreshwaterregion00()1,,,115,,119,,5.,.jxj,EFijji(),(EFijxj).,,.(),R(i),.,.2000R(i)CN2000,IiIi=jEFijxj1TR(i)CN2000,(2)T,,2.1.5,3.313,4.2Table2Thecoefficientsofenvironmentregion00015,110113115210,210510,,51010,,,3Table3Thecoefficientsofpersons0018110,112115119,7,4.4Fig.4Theindicatorsofquality&capabilityoftheLCA,,,.5,.(4)(5).,76()39(),()30%().4Table4Thetypesofsafetyaccident0013,46,79,10,5Table5Thetypesoftools&equipments0013,,46,79,10,,,:Ii=jk(IijkWijk),(3)k,j.(C),Ii=1ºVPiVRi-1C(4).VPi,VRi,C,C=5,-,+.2.,a.,.,,,....314.,()[10],,,.,GDP.(5).Ii=jIij1TRGDPCN,(5),Iij,RGDPCNGDP.4,..[18],60%.,,.,.6Y80M124201551AlM12420155.,.111104kWh,11.40,();10a.6:(1),,,.2,.(2),,.5,:776LCATable6TheLCAdataoftwotypesofelectromotor()(Fe)()(CO2)(CFC211)(SO2)(PO43-)(C2H4)(Cr6+)()()()Y80M12420155Pkg311138231521543130E221193E252110E239109E239120E249166E251135E+47511111884176E221102E242152E278162E274113E251168E258127E232125E253153E232115E231151E261106E271Al80M12420155Pkg3141881610921542160E221154E251168E237127E237107E247170E251129E+45714421584177E226196E252152E276190E273130E251134E256112E231173E252182E232107E231113E267194E28(3)(CODSS).().(4)2,,.1Al80M12420155,,,,.5,4.,LCA.:[1]ROSSS,EVANSD.Useoflifecycleassessmentinenviron2mentalmanagement[J].EnvironmentalManagement,2002,29(1):1322142.[2]YANGJX,NIELSENPH.Chineselifecycleimpactassess2mentfactors[J].JournalofEnvironmentScience,2001,13:2052209.[3]LINMY,ZHANGSS,CHENY.Distance2to2targetweightinginlifecycleimpactassessmentbasedonChineseenvironmentalpolicyfortheperiod199522005[J].InternationaljournalofLCA,2005,10:3932398.[4],,.[J].,2007,23(4):19223.ZHAOPing,TONGJifeng,MAJuanrong.AssessmentindexsystemandmethodofgreenbuildingproductioninChina[J].BuildingScience,2007,23(4):19223.[5],,.[J].,2006,27(1):528.ZHOUShaoxiang,HUSangao,CHENGJinming.Unificationofemmissionperformancestandardsforevaluatingenvironmen2talimpactsofenergyutilizations[J].Jouralofengineeringther2mophysics,2006,27(1):528.[6]WARBURGN,BRAUNEA,EYERERP,etal.Environmen2talindicatorsforICTproducts2apracticalapproachbasedonfoursteps[C]PPProceedingsoftheInternationalSymposiumonElectronicesandtheEnvironment.Washington,DC,USA:IEEEComputerSociety,2005:2262230.[7],.[J].,2007,36(6):14216.ZHANGHaixiu,LIUXiaoxu.Thegreendegreeevaluationsys2temofelectromechanicalproducts[J].MachineBuildingAuto2mation,2007,36(6):14216.[8],.[J].,2003,18(2):35238.WANGXinjie,CAOWujun.Researchontheassessmentsys2temofproductlifecycle[J].JournalofZhengzhouinstituteoflightindustrynaturalscience,2003,18(2):35238.[9]HUNTRG,FRANKLINWE.LCA2howitcameabout2per2sonalreflectionsontheoriginandthedevelopmentofLCAintheUSA[J].InternationalJournalofLifeCycleAssessment,1996,1(1):427.[10]FAVAJ,CONSOLIF,DENNISONR,etal.AConceptualframeworkforlife2cycleimpactassessment[R].Pensacola:SETACandSETACFoundationforEnvironmentalEducation,1993.[11]TheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization.ISO14040environmentalmanagement2Lifecycleassessment2Principlesandframework[S].[S.l]:[s.n.],2006.[12]HAUSCHILDMichael,GOEDKOOPMark.Analysisofexist2ingenvironmentalimpactassessmentmethodologiesandindica2torsrelatedtolifecycleassessment.Workongdraft018[RPOL].September2008,