NI自动化测试与自动系统控制解决方案

AutomatedTestSystemAutomation&ControlCaseStudies:SolarPowerAgenda•SolarEnergyFundamentals•AutomatedTest•Photovoltaic(PV)cellI‐Vcharacterization•SystemAutomationandControl•PVsemiconductorprocesscontrolandmonitoring•PVpowerplantelectricalmonitoringandsuntrackingcontrolAvailability•Withasolarcellefficiencyof20percent,anareathesizeofTexascouldsupplytheentireworld’senergydemands[1].Theblackdotsrepresentthelandarearequiredtoreplacethetotalprimaryenergysupplywithelectricityfromsolarcells.Availablesolarenergy(left)greatlyexceedsglobalenergyconsumption.TheSolarEnergyMarket•Solarenergytechnologies,whichharnessthesun’senergytogenerateelectricalpower,areoneofthefastestgrowingsourcesofrenewableenergyonthemarkettoday.USPhotovoltaicShipments,1997-2006*CourtesyUSEnergyInformationAdministrationSolarPowerGenerationTechnologies•Photovoltaic(PV)solarcells•SolarthermalcollectorsIndustryChallengesforSolarPower•Designmoreefficientsolarcells•Increasingtheamountofpowerperarea(watt/m2)throughbetterdesignandtesting•Increasetheeconomicviabilityofnewtechnologies,suchassolartrackingtoincreasesolarcelloutput•Lowertheproductioncostofsolarcells•IncreaseautomationformoreefficientmanufacturingwithlessscrapAgenda•SolarEnergyFundamentals•AutomatedTest•l‐•SystemAutomationandControl•PVsemiconductorprocesscontrolandmonitoring•PVpowerplantelectricalmonitoringandsuntrackingcontrolPhtoovoltaic(PV)celIVcharacerizationtCaseStudy:AutomatedSemiconductorCharacterizationandValidation•Atestsystemthatcanautomaticallycharacterizeanintegratedcircuitundervaryingconditions•EngineeringChallenge:synchronizemultipleinstrumentsandmaintainverytighttimingandtriggeringICCharacterizationSystem•Thesystemcontainsamixofdigitalandanaloginstrumentsforcontrolandmeasurementincluding:•100MHzfrequencygeneratorstotriggersandsynchronizesotherdevicesandprovideacommonbaseclock.•A100MS/sarbitrarywaveformgenerator•Ahigh‐speeddigitalI/Omoduletooutputamodulateddigitalpatterntothechip•Keyadvantagesofthisimplementation•Integrationoftheanaloganddigitalinstrumentsinonesystem•Verytightcontrolovertiming,minimizingjitter•SoftwareflexibilitytoadapttoeachIC’scontrolrequirementsEnablingTechnologies•PrecisionDCinstrumentation•Measurementofvoltage,current,resistance,andotherfactorsCharacterizingaSolarCell’sPerformance•MeasureVoltageandCurrentRatings(VOCandISC)•MaximumCurrent,Iscoccurswhentheloadisashort•MaximumVoltage,VOCoccurswhentheloadisopen•CalculateEfficiencyMaximumPower(PMAX)•Power=0atIscandVOC•PowerreachesmaximumatVMPandIMPFillFactor•Mainmeasureofcellquality•Comparemaximumpower(PMAX)totheoreticalmaximumpower(PT)basedonIscandVocEfficiency(η)•Ratioofoutputpower(POUT)toInputPower(PIN)•Formaximumefficiency,POUT=PMAX•PINistheproductofirradiance(W/m2)andtheareaofthecell(m2)PMAXPoutPinMAXPinFactorsthataffectEfficiency•Efficiencyisreducedbyparallelshunt(RSH)andseries(RS)resistances•ApproximateRSHandRSfromIVcurveDirectSemiconductorResistivityMeasurement•4pointprobe•Widelyusedmethodtomeasureresistivityofsemiconductor•Flowingcurrentintothecircuitconnectedto1,4pointofcontact•Measuringvoltageconnectedto2,3pointofcontact•Resistivityρisbelow:ρ=2πLp(V/I)1234MeasurementHardware•SourceMeasureUnit(SMU)•Sourcesbothpositive&negativecurrents,thenmeasurestheresultingvoltage•Alsousedtosink(ordissipate)currentwhentestingoutputshortcircuitcurrentsandleakagecurrents•NIPXI‐4130PowerSMU•+/‐20V,2Aisolatedoutput•10nA/100uVsourceresolution•5currentranges–2Ato200uA•4‐quadrantoperation–upto10WSink•RemotesensecapabilitySMUChannelQuadrantDiagramDemo–SolarCellCharacterization•4‐quadrantIVtracing•LabVIEWanalysisanddisplayAgenda•SolarEnergyFundamentals•AutomatedTest•Photovoltaic(PV)cellI‐Vcharacterization•SystemAutomationandControl•r•controlPVsemiconudctoproesscontrocdmonitoigrPVpowerplantleeccrtrialmonitoigadsntrackingunnnlanCaseStudy:GigaMatTechnologies•Performautomatedsemiconductorwafersortingbaseduponphysicalandelectricalcharacteristics•Meetorexceedtheprecisionandrepeatabilityofindustrystandardequipmentbutwithgreaterthroughput,flexibilityanduserfriendliness,andatmuchlowercostGigaMatSortingSystem•NILabVIEWisusedtosynchronizemotion,vision,andinstrumentation•Thisprojectwouldn’thavebeeneconomicallyviablewithoutLabVIEWandNIsynchronizedmotion,vision,andDAQproducts.EdmondAbrahamians,PresidentandCEOofGigamatEnablingTechnologies•Synchronizedmotion,automatedvisualinspection,andmeasurement•Real‐time,deterministiccontrolManufacturingsilicon‐basedPhotovoltaic(PV)cellsRefiningrawmaterialMelting&growingcrystalSlicing&treatmentPoly-siliconIngotWaferEtching,coating,insertingelectrodeCircuitconnecting&PackingIntegratingwithcontrol/monitoringsystemPVCellPVModulesPlantSystemPVControl&MeasurementRequirementsPoly-silicon&IngotWaferPVcellPVmodulePlantsystemRequiredcontrol&measurementtechnologies•Temperaturemonitoring•Inspectionofcrystalgrowth•Temperaturemonitoring•Machinevision•Generatedvoltage•Temperaturecontrol•I-VCurveTest•I-VCurvetest•Measuringinsulatedresistor•Invertercontrol•Suntracking•Electrical•Processcontrolinspection•4pointprobe•Micr