ISA 53

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美国仪表学会标准分散控制/集中显示仪表、逻辑控制及计算机系统用流程图符号ISA-5.3海洋石油化肥项目海洋石油化肥项目ISA-5.3-1983此前为ISA-S5.3-1983分散控制/集中显示仪表、逻辑控制及计算机系统用流程图符号美国仪表学会1982年6月30日审定美国仪表学会标准分散控制/集中显示仪表、逻辑控制及计算机系统用流程图符号ISA-5.3海洋石油化肥项目海洋石油化肥项目目录1.目的·······························································································32.范围·······························································································32.1工作范围·······················································································32.2与其它ISA标准的关系····································································32.3与其它标准的关系···········································································33.定义和缩写······················································································44.符号·······························································································44.1概述·····························································································44.2分散控制/集中显示符号····································································44.3计算机符号····················································································54.4逻辑和顺序符号··············································································64.5内部系统功能符号···········································································64.6适用符号·······················································································64.7记录仪及其它历史数据保存······························································65.标识符····························································································65.1软件报警·······················································································75.2符号连接·······················································································76.报警·······························································································76.1概述·····························································································76.2仪表系统报警·················································································7附件A举例························································································8A.1应用举例······················································································8A.2典型流程图···················································································12美国仪表学会标准分散控制/集中显示仪表、逻辑控制及计算机系统用流程图符号ISA-5.3海洋石油化肥项目海洋石油化肥项目1.目的本标准的目的是对由计算机,可编程序控制器、微型机算机和微处理器为基础的系统组成的仪表系统建立设计文件。该系统具有集中控制、集中显示或其它接口特性。提供该图例符号用于建立现场仪表、控制室仪表和以上所述其它硬件之间的连系。为表示各种各样的设备,其术语以十分通用的方式定义。本标准的意图并非对完整的控制系统内出现的每个一般仪表均使用每种类型的符号进行描述,这样表示会使P&I图变得极其复杂。例如:如果一个计算机组建是分散控制系统中的一个完整部分,计算机符号一般是不希望为冗余的,可是,如果一个分立的通用计算机与系统接口,提供的计算机符号应能保证清楚的理解该控制系统的要求。本标准的目的就是提供给使用者已定义好的符号体系和规则,可以使用此符号体系和规则,根据需要清楚表达其意图,使用者决定这些符号用于各种类型图纸的范围。符号的简单或复杂程度可以根据所述工艺情况决定。2.范围本标准满足了用符号代表分散控制/集中显示仪表逻辑和计算机系统功能的要求。仪表一般由现场硬件通讯网络和控制室操作设备组成。本标准适用于应用过程控制和仪表系统的所有工业中。在流程图中并不试图对内部结构、配置或这种仪表的操作方式、逻辑和计算机系统进行解释。要理解流程图的人员必须具备对整个系统有基本了解以便正确地理解图纸。除非过程变量是控制策略的一个整体部分,否则在流程图中计算类型或过程变量的使用不作指示。在仪表系统数据库信息可通过通讯总线用于计算机的场合,计算机互连的描述可根据流程图上保留的空间来选择。2.1工作范围本标准适用于需要对仪表进行标注的文件中,这种标注在下列场合以及其他场合中要求使用:流程图,工艺和机械的;仪表系统图;技术规范、采购单、装箱单和其他表格;结构图;技术文件;文章和论文;仪表特征、安装、操作和维护说明;图纸和纪录。2.2与其它ISA标准的关系本标准是对ISA-S5.1“仪表符号及标识符”的补充,ISA-S5.1是代表功能标识规则的符号及格式体系,为了举例清晰,本文件中包含了一定量的ISA-S5.1中的符号。2.3与其它标准的关系在应用中,未包含在第三部分的定义按ANSIX31TR-1-77,“美国国家信息处理辞典”和/或ISA-S5.1执行。美国仪表学会标准分散控制/集中显示仪表、逻辑控制及计算机系统用流程图符号ISA-5.3海洋石油化肥项目海洋石油化肥项目3.定义及缩写易存取性(Accessible)----一种系统特性,可进行人-机对话,并允许操作者完成用户允许的控制操作。例如:设定点改变、自动-手动转换或开-关操作。可指定的(Assignable)----一种系统特性,该特性允许操作者把一个信号从一个设备切换(或指定)到另一设备上,而不用改变接线,或由开关或通过系统上的键盘命令实现。通讯总线(CommunicationLink)----用于互连设备以便传送和/或接收数据的物理硬件。计算机控制系统(ComputerControlSystem)----一种所有控制作用均在控制计算机内完成的系统,可使用单独或冗余的计算机。可组态的(Configurable)----一种系统特性,该特性允许通过输入基本结构的键盘命令和根据设备或系统的特性及选择,如控制算法,显示格式或输入/输出处理。C.R.T----阴极射线管分散型控制系统(DistributedControlSystem)----一种仪表系统(输入/输出设备、控制设备和操作员接口设备)该系统除能执行已确定的控制功能外,也允许通过通讯总线从一个或多个用户指定地点接收和发送控制、测量及操作信息。I/O(Input/Output)----输入/输出可编程序控制器(ShareController)----一种控制设备,该设备包括许多预先编制好程序的算法,用户对这些算法可检索,能配置和连接。允许用户定义可执行的控制策略或功能,多个过程变量的控制可通过共享这种单个设备的能力得以实现。集中显示(ShareDisplay)----用于显示在某一时刻的信号和/或数据的操作员接口设备,这些信号和/或数据,如字母数字和/或图形,存贮在数据库中,从中选择性访问各种显示由用户命令完成。软件(Software)----数字程序、过程、规则及为了该数字系统的维护和/或操作的需要的相关文件。软件连接(SoftwareLink)----通过软件或键盘命令对系统部件或功能进行互连。监督设定点控制系统(SurpervisorySetPointControlSystem)通过分散控制、集中显示或其它常规控制设备使用计算机控制系统产生设定点和/或其它控制信息。4.符号4.1概述在ISA-S5.1中表示的标准仪表符号在流程图应用中应尽量保留,但对第4.2到4.6节的内容必须提供新的符号。符号大小应与ISA-S5.1第3节的规定相一致,列在每个符号右边的描述符仅作应用指导,但并非全包括在内。如使用一个或多个描述符也可应用这些符号,共享信号线可由这些符号表明其系统连接功能(见4.6.1节)美国仪表学会标准分散控制/集中显示仪表、逻辑控制及计算机系统用流程图符号ISA-5.3海洋石油化肥项目海洋石油化肥项目4.2分散控制/集中显示符号以微处理机为基础的仪表控制系统的先进性允许功能共享,如显示、控制和信号连接。因此,这里定义的符号规则应是“共享仪表”,这意味着“共享”显示和“共享”控制。符号外边的方形部分,正如在4.2.1到4.2.3节所述,表明为共享型仪表。4.2.1操作员通常可存取指示器/调节器/记录仪或报警点----一般用于视频显示方式指示(1)共享显示(2)共享显示和共享控制(3)仅限于通讯总线的存取(4)在通讯总线上的操作员接口4.2.2辅助操作员接口设备(1)一般盘装并有模拟面板----一般不应装在主操作台上(2)可以是一个后备调节器或手操站(3)存贮仅限于通讯总线内(4)通过通讯总线的操作员接口4.2.3操作员通常不能存取(1)分散的无显示调节器(2)安装在现场的集中显示器(3)在分散调节器中的计算、信号处理(4)可在通讯总线上(5)一般无显示操作(6)可通过组态变更4.3计算机符号下列符号用于称为“计算机”的部件组成的系统中,以便与整体处理器相区别。该系统可完成各种“分散控制系统”的功能,通过数据连接这些计算机部件可以组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