THE LIFE OF DENG XIAOPING 邓小平的生平

THELIFEOFDENGXIAOPING邓小平的生平AgreattideofreformissweepingacrossChina,alandofonebillionpeople.Allovertheworldpeoplearefollowingitsadvance.ManyofthemwouldliketolearnmoreaboutChinaandaboutthelifeandworldofDengXiaoping,thechiefleaderofthisreform.AmemberoftheChineseCommunistPartysincehisyouth,DengXiaopinghasrenderedoutstandingservicetotheChinesepeople,throughouttherevolution,duringthedevelopmentofthePeople'sRepublicandespeciallyinrecentyearswhen,afterthedisastrousculturalrevolution,hesucceededinsettingthecountryontheroadtosocialistmodernization.hehasprovedtobefar-sightedandpersevering,amanofquickunderstandinganddecisiveaction.thecontributionhehasmadetotherevolution,hiscourageasaninnovatorhaveearnedhisthetrustoftheChinesepeople.InhislongcareerasarevolutionaryDengXiaopinghasenjoyedmanyvictoriesandhasalsobeenthroughseveretests.Onmorethanoneoccasionhewassubjectedtounjustattacksimplybecauseherefusedtoabandoncorrectviews.this,however,onlyincreasetherespectinwhichhewash3eld,andultimatelyhebecamethenation'schiefpolicy-maker.thecollectiveleadershipwhichhenowheadhasusheredChinaintoanewhistoricalperiod.1.CHILDHOOD2.STUDYABROAD3.THEEARLYYEARSAFTERTHERETURN4.BUILDINGTHESEVENTHANDEIGHTHARMIESOFTHEREDARMY5.BEFOREANDAFTERTHELONGMARCH6.ONTHEBATTLEFIELDDURINGTHEWAROFRESISTANCEAGAINSTJAPANESEAGGRESSION7.THEDECISIVEYEARS8.LIBERATINGTHEGREATSOUTHWEST9.GENERALSECRETARYOFTHEPARTY10.THEYEARSOFHARDSHIPANDDANGER11.USHERINGINANEWSTAGECHILDHOODAtheturnofthecenturytheChinesenationwasgroaninginmisery.UndertheleadershipofDr.Sunyat-senaresolutionwasbrewing,andthecountrywasontheeveofradicalchanges,ItwasinthisturbulenttimethatDengXiaopingwasborn.Deng'sbirthplacewasPaifangVillageinXiexingtownship,Guang'anCounty,intheprovinceofSichuan.Hischildhoodhomewasatraditionalcompoundwithone-storiedhousedsurroundingacourtyardonthreesides.Itwasinthesetree-shaded,tile-roofedbuildingsthathisforefathershadlivedforthreegenerationsandthatDengXixian-thefutureDengXiaoping-wasbornonAugust22,1904.hisfather,DengWenming,hadstudiedattheChengduSchoolofLawandPoliticalScienceduringthelastXiaoping'smother,Danbyherfamilyname,diedearly,leavingbehindtheeldestsonDengXiaoping,histhreeyoungerbrothers,aneldersisterandtwoyoungersisters.Atfivetheboyenteredandold-fashionedprivatepre-school,atsevenamodernprimaryschoolandinduecourseamiddleschoolinhisnativecounty.Ithappenedthatin1919,ontheproposalofWuYezhang,amemberoftheChongqingtoprepareyoungpeopletogotoFranceonawork-studyprogram.Afterpassingtheentranceexaminations,theboywasenrolledintheschool.InhisteensDengXiaopingalreadyhadsomesimplepatrioticideas.Afterthemay4thMovementof1919,hejoinedhisschoolmateinaboycottofJapanesegoods.Buthisunderstandingdidnotgobeyondtheslogansavethecountrybyindustrialization,anideapopularamongstudentsatthetime.hisardenthopewastogotoFrancetolearnindustrialskillsthroughworkandstudyforthebenefitofthecountry.[BacktoTop]STUDYABROADInthesummerof1920,DengXiaopinggraduatedfromtheChongqingPreparatorySchool,filledwithferventhopes,heand80schoolmatesboardedashipforFrance(travelingsteerage)andinOctoberarrivedinMarseilles.Deng,theyoungestofalltheChinesestudents,hadjustturned16.Thingsdidnotturnourashehadhoped.Hefoundthathehadtospendmostofhistimeworking,andatthemostunskilledjobs.TwomonthsafterhisarrivalhebegantodooddjobsattheLeCreusotIronandSteelplantincentralFrance.LaterheworkedasafitterintheRenaultfactoryintheParissuburbofBillancourt,asafiremanonlocomotiveandasakitchenhelperinrestaurants.Hebarelyearnedenoughtosurvive.HeattendedmiddleschoolsbrieflyinBayeuxandChatillon.ItwasshortlyaftertheendofWorldWarI,andtheEuropeancountrieshadnotyetrecoveredfromthedevastation.InFrancejob-huntingwasespeciallydifficultbecauseofthedepressedeconomy.EventhoseChinesestudentswhowerefortuneenoughtofindjobsinbigfactorieswerepaidonlyhalfthewagesoftheordinaryFrenchworkers.Worsestill,atthistimeDengXiaoping'sfamilycouldnolongeraffordtosendhimmoney,sohehadtoscrapealongonhisown.Hishighhopesofstudyingabroadwerecrushedbythegrimreality.Butnewideasweretakingstrongholdoftheyoungman.thankstotheOctoberRevolutioninRussia,theworkers'movementinFrancewasgainingmomentum,andMarxismandotherschoolsofsocialistthoughtwerewinningmoreandmoreadherents.AnumberofideologicallyadvancedChinesestudentswerestartingtoacceptMarxismandtaketherevolutionaryroad.Undertheinfluenceofhisseniors,ZhaoShiyan,ZhouEnlaiandothers,DengbegantostudyMarxismanddopoliticalpropagandawork.In1992hejoinedtheCommunistPartyofChineseYouthinEurope(laterthenamewaschangedtotheChineseSocialistYouthLeagueinEurope).Inthesecondhalfof1924hejoinedtheChineseCommunistPartyandbecameoneoftheleadingmembersoftheGeneralBranchoftheYouthLeagueinEurope.WhenheworkedinLyonsthefollowingyear,thePartyorganizationappointedhimspecialrepresentativetotheLyonsAreaPartyBranch,wherehedirectedthePartyandLeagueworkaswellastheChineseworkers'movement.DuringthefiveyearshespentinFrance,fromage16to21,DengXiaopingwastransformedfromapatrioticyouthintoaMarxist.Itwasthebeginningofhisrevolutionarycareer.TheChineseSocialistYouthLeagueinEuropepublishedamime