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Copyright©2005AmericanAssociationofTextileChemistsandColorists252TM143-2001AATCCTechnicalManual/2006Developedin1975byAATCCCommit-teeRA61;revised1982,1989,1992,1996;editoriallyrevisedandreaffirmed1984,2001;editoriallyrevised1986,1991,1997,2004,2005.TechnicallyequivalenttoISO15487.1.PurposeandScope1.1Thistestmethodisdesignedforevaluatingthesmoothnessappearanceofflatfabricandseams,andtheretentionofpressed-increasesingarmentsandothertextileproductsafterrepeatedhomelaun-dering.1.2Anywashabletextileendproductmaybeevaluatedforsmoothnessappear-ance,seamsmoothnessandcreasereten-tionusingthismethod.1.3Textileendproductscontainingfabricsofanyconstruction,suchaswo-ven,knitandnonwoven,maybeevalu-atedaccordingtothismethod.1.4Techniquesforseamingandcreas-ingarenotoutlinedsincethepurposeistoevaluatetextileendproductsastheywillbesuppliedfrommanufacturingorasreadyforuse.Furthermore,seamingorcreasingtechniqueswouldbecontrolledbyfabricproperties.2.Principle2.1Textileendproductitemsaresub-jectedtostandardhomelaunderingprac-tices.Achoiceisprovidedofhandorma-chinewashing,alternativemachinewashcyclesandtemperatures,andalternativedryingprocedures.Evaluationisper-formedusingastandardlightingandviewingareabyratingtheappearanceofspecimensincomparisonwithappropri-atereferencestandards.3.Terminology3.1appearanceoftextileendprod-ucts,n.—theoverallvisualimpressionofatextileendproductquantifiedbycom-parisonofindividualcomponentswithappropriatereferencestandards.3.2ballast,n.—inproceduresforpro-cessingortestingoftextiles,materialthatisusedtobringthetotalweightorvol-umeofthetextilestoanamountspecifiedintheprocedure.3.3creaseretention,n.—infabrics,thevisualimpressionofaninsertedcreasequantifiedbycomparisonwithasetofreferencestandards.3.4dryercreases,n.—sharpfoldsorlinesrunninginanydirectioninalaun-deredordriedspecimen.NOTE:Dryercreasesareanunin-tendedresultofrestrictedmovementofspecimensinthewasherorthedryer.3.5durablepress,adj.—havingtheabilitytoretainsubstantiallytheinitialshape,flatseams,pressed-increasesandunwrinkledappearanceduringuseandafterlaunderingordrycleaning.3.6laundering,n.—oftextilemate-rials,aprocessintendedtoremovesoilsand/orstainsbytreatment(washing)withanaqueousdetergentsolutionandnor-mallyincludingrinsing,extractinganddrying.3.7seamsmoothness,n.—infabrics,thevisualimpressionofplanarityofaseamedspecimenquantifiedbycompari-sonwithasetofreferencestandards.3.8smoothnessappearance,n.—infabrics,thevisualimpressionofplanarityofaspecimenquantifiedbycomparisonwithasetofreferencestandards.4.SafetyPrecautionsNOTE:Thesesafetyprecautionsareforinformationpurposesonly.Thepre-cautionsareancillarytothetestingproce-duresandarenotintendedtobeallinclu-sive.Itistheuser’sresponsibilitytousesafeandpropertechniquesinhandlingmaterialsinthistestmethod.Manufac-turersMUSTbeconsultedforspecificdetailssuchasmaterialsafetydatasheetsandothermanufacturer’srecommenda-tions.AllOSHAstandardsandrulesmustalsobeconsultedandfollowed.4.1Goodlaboratorypracticesshouldbefollowed.Wearsafetyglassesinalllaboratoryareas.4.2The1993AATCCStandardRefer-enceDetergentmaycauseirritation.Careshouldbetakentopreventexposuretoskinandeyes.4.3Allchemicalsshouldbehandledwithcare.4.4Manufacturer’ssafetyrecommen-dationsshouldbefollowedwhenoperat-inglaboratorytestingequipment.4.5Whenevaluatingcreaseretention,useofalampwithashieldcanaidinpre-ventionofburnsthatcouldresultfromlampheat.5.UsesandLimitations5.1Thistestmethodisdesignedtobeusedonlyforevaluatingtheappearanceofwashablefabricsafterrepeatedhomelaundering.5.2Thetestprocedureisdesignedtoreflectthecapabilitiesofhomelaundryequipmentwhichiscurrentlyusedbyconsumers.Ingeneral,itispreferabletoconductthetestunderrelativelyseverelaunderingconditions.5.3Printsandpatternsmaymaskthemussinesspresentintextileendproducts.Theratingprocessis,however,basedonthevisualappearanceofspecimensin-cludingsucheffects.5.4Theinterlaboratoryreproducibilityoftheresultsofthistestmethoddependsuponmutualagreementbyusersofthemethodonthewashinganddryingcondi-tionsasoutlinedin8.1andtheweightingfactorstouseforindividualcomponentsoftheitemsasdescribedin9.7.1.6.ApparatusandMaterials6.1Automaticwashingmachine(see12.1).6.2Automatictumbledryer(see12.1).6.3Dripdryandlinedryfacilities.6.4A9.5L(10.0qt)pail.6.51993AATCCStandardReferenceDetergent(see12.2and12.7).6.6Ballastof920×920±30mm(36×36±1in.)hemmedpiecesofbleachedcottonsheeting(Washloadballasttype1)or50/50polyester/cottonplainweave(Washloadballasttype3)(see12.3).6.7Lightingandevaluationareainanotherwisedarkenedroomusingtheover-headlightingarrangementshowninFig.1(see12.4).Ithasbeentheexperienceofmanyobserversthatlightreflectedfromthesidewallsneartheviewingboardcaninterferewiththeratingresults.Itisrec-ommendedthatthesidewallsbepaintedmatteblack(85°Glosslessthan5units)orthatblackoutcurtainsbemountedonbothsidesoftheviewingboardtoelimi-natethereflectiveinterference.6.8A500-wattDXC(RFL-2)floodlampwithreflectorandlightshield,posi-tionedasshowninFig.2,forevaluatingcreaseretention.6.9StandardAATCCThree-Dimen-sionalSmoothnessAppearanc