光伏发电站的财务分析-英文

January2003•NREL/TP-550-31977GuidelinesfortheEconomicEvaluationofBuilding-IntegratedPhotovoltaicPowerSystemsP.EiffertImaginItLLCInternationalEnergyAgencyPVPSTask7:PhotovoltaicPowerSystemsintheBuiltEnvironmentNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory1617ColeBoulevardGolden,Colorado80401-3393NRELisaU.S.DepartmentofEnergyLaboratoryOperatedbyMidwestResearchInstitute•Battelle•BechtelContractNo.DE-AC36-99-GO10337January2003•NREL/TP-550-31977GuidelinesfortheEconomicEvaluationofBuilding-IntegratedPhotovoltaicPowerSystemsP.EiffertImaginItLLCInternationalEnergyAgencyPVPSTask7:PhotovoltaicPowerSystemsintheBuiltEnvironmentPreparedunderTaskNo.PVP28201NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory1617ColeBoulevardGolden,Colorado80401-3393NRELisaU.S.DepartmentofEnergyLaboratoryOperatedbyMidwestResearchInstitute•Battelle•BechtelContractNo.DE-AC36-99-GO10337NOTICEThisreportwaspreparedasanaccountofworksponsoredbyanagencyoftheUnitedStatesgovernment.NeithertheUnitedStatesgovernmentnoranyagencythereof,noranyoftheiremployees,makesanywarranty,expressorimplied,orassumesanylegalliabilityorresponsibilityfortheaccuracy,completeness,orusefulnessofanyinformation,apparatus,product,orprocessdisclosed,orrepresentsthatitsusewouldnotinfringeprivatelyownedrights.Referencehereintoanyspecificcommercialproduct,process,orservicebytradename,trademark,manufacturer,orotherwisedoesnotnecessarilyconstituteorimplyitsendorsement,recommendation,orfavoringbytheUnitedStatesgovernmentoranyagencythereof.TheviewsandopinionsofauthorsexpressedhereindonotnecessarilystateorreflectthoseoftheUnitedStatesgovernmentoranyagencythereof.Availableelectronicallyat:U.S.DepartmentofEnergyOfficeofScientificandTechnicalInformationP.O.Box62OakRidge,TN37831-0062phone:[phone]fax:[phone]email:[e-mail]public,inpaper,from:U.S.DepartmentofCommerceNationalTechnicalInformationService5285PortRoyalRoadSpringfield,VA22161phone:[phone]fax:[phone]email:[e-mail]:(IEA),foundedinNovember1974,isanautonomousbodywithintheframeworkoftheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),whichcarriesoutacomprehensiveprogramofenergycooperationamongits23membercountries.TheEuropeanCommissionalsoparticipatesinthiswork.TheIEAPhotovoltaicPowerSystems(PVPS)ProgrammeisacollaborativeR&Dagreement.Since1993,itsparticipantshaveconductedavarietyofjointprojectsconcernedwithconvertingphotovoltaic(PV)solarenergyintoelectricity.Anexecutivecommitteecomposedofonerepresentativefromeachparticipatingcountryheadstheprogram.Operatingagentsmanageindividualresearchprojects(Tasks),andactivitiesareunderwayin7Tasks.The21membersoftheIEAPVPSProgrammeareAustralia,Austria,Canada,Denmark,EuropeanCommission,Finland,France,Germany,Israel,Italy,Japan,Korea,Mexico,theNetherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,UnitedKingdom,andtheUnitedStates.Task7focusesonbuilding-integratedPV,linkingdevelopmentsinIEAcountries.ItsoverallobjectiveistoenhancetheeconomicviabilityandarchitecturalandtechnicalqualityofPVpowersystemsinthebuiltenvironmentandtoassessandremovenontechnicalbarriersfortheirintroductionasenergy-significantoptions.Task7beganinJanuary1997,buildingonpreviousIEAcollaborativeactions(Task16oftheSolarHeatingandCoolingProgram).Task7focusesprimarilyonintegratingPVintothearchitecturaldesignsofroofsandfacadesforalltypesofbuildingsandotherstructures(suchasnoisebarriers)inthebuiltenvironment.Task7motivatesthecollaborationamongurbanplanners,architects,buildingengineers,PVsystemspecialists,utilityspecialists,thePVandbuildingindustry,andotherprofessionalsinvolvedinPV.Moreinformationontaskactivitiesandresultsisavailableat­pvps.org.ThisreportwaspreparedunderthesupervisionofPVPSTask7byPatrinaEiffert,Ph.D.,directorofImaginItLLCUSA,incooperationwithAustralia,Austria,Canada,Switzerland,Denmark,Germany,Finland,Italy,Japan,theNetherlands,Spain,Sweden,GreatBritain,andtheUnitedStates,andapprovedbythePVPSProgrammeExecutiveCommittee.Thereportexpresses,asnearlyaspossible,aninternationalconsensusoftheopinionsonthesubject.iAcknowledgmentsFundingforthisprojectwasprovidedbyPhotovoltaicsforBuildingswithintheNationalCenterforPhotovoltaics(NCPV)attheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory(NREL).SupportfortheNCPVisprovidedbytheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy(DOE)OfficeofPowerTechnologies.TheprojectwasalsofundedbyDOE’sFederalEnergyManagementProgram(FEMP).MuchofthisworkisbasedonguidingprinciplesalreadyestablishedbytheNationalInstituteforStandardsandTechnology(NIST)withintheU.S.DepartmentofCommerce’sOfficeofAppliedEconomics.NISTpioneeredthedevelopmentofbuildinglifecyclecostanalysisrelativetoenergyuseandconservationinbuildings.TheauthorswishtoacknowledgethevaluablecontributionsofRosalieRueggfromNIST.ExecutiveSummaryThisreportidentifiestheecon