金龙客车(600686)2007~2010年存货周转情况分析一、年报数据采集以下数据援引金龙客车2007~2010年公司报出的年报2007年:(1)存货分项列示如下项目年末数年初数原材料517,545,301.96174,752,443.25产成品428,209,640.36191,870,763.82在产品193,117,995.9438,557,412.28自制半成品8,301,019.246,849,689.80低值易耗品884,760.71797,422.29分期付款发出商品9,397,092.44委托加工物资103,600.8069,377.10备品备件515,951.79辅助材料221,858.94减:存货跌价准备88,312,579.6331,158,250.89合计1,060,587,550.11391,135,950.09(2)各项存货跌价准备的增减变动情况如下:项目年初数本年增加数本年(转回)减少数年末数可变现净值的确定依据原材料24,867,076.4445,135,407.8370,002,484.27预计售价扣除相关费用和税金产成品6,291,174.4511,410,041.3317,701,215.78在产品608,879.58608,879.58合计31,158,250.8957,154,328.7488,312,579.63注:本年增加数包括金龙联合公司和苏州金龙公司的存货跌价准备年初数。2008年(1)存货分项列示如下:项目年末数年初数原材料605,475,903.30517,545,301.96产成品518,471,174.90428,209,640.36在产品236,829,627.38193,117,995.94自制半成品9,095,640.298,301,019.24低值易耗品928,180.20884,760.71委托加工物资97,747.52103,600.80备品备件523,968.45515,951.79辅助材料166,794.79221,858.94减:存货跌价准备107,643,765.8688,312,579.63合计1,263,945,270.971,060,587,550.11(2)各项存货跌价准备的增减变动情况如下:项目年初数南京金龙转入年初数本年增加数本年(转回)减少数年末数可变现净值的确定依据原材料70,002,484.271,389,924.3318,442,491.0189,834,899.61预计售价扣除相关费用和税金产成品17,701,215.78300,000.00361,401.78553,751.3117,808,866.25在产品608,879.58608,879.58合计88,312,579.631,689,924.3318,803,892.791,162,630.89107,643,765.86注:由于车型更新换代造成部分库存零配件和车辆过时,本年度对上述存货按可收回净值计提存货跌价准备。2009年:(1)存货年末账面价值1,324,830,792.51元,分项列示如下:存货种类年末账面余额年初账面余额原材料586,101,086.52606,264,414.06在产品257,680,234.42245,925,267.67产成品612,318,092.59518,471,174.90低值易耗品1,186,492.75928,180.20存货小计1,457,285,906.281,371,589,036.83减:存货跌价准备132,455,113.77107,643,765.86合计1,324,830,792.511,263,945,270.97(2)各项存货跌价准备的增减变动情况存货种类年初账面余额本年计提额本年减少额年末账面余额转回转销原材料87,506,537.5824,414,534.83111,921,072.41在产品1,694,135.781,694,135.78库存商品20,137,228.28844,481.682,141,804.3818,839,905.58合计107,643,765.8626,953,152.292,141,804.380.0132,455,113.77注:①由于车型更新换代造成部分库存零配件和车辆过时,本年度对上述存货按可收回净值计提存货跌价准备;②本年库存商品跌价准备转回系该部分库存商品本年已销售相应转出已计提的跌价准备。2010年:(1)存货年末账面价值1,742,024,218.80元,明细列示如下:存货种类年末账面余额年初账面余额原材料883,748,421.92586,101,086.52在产品308,320,043.50257,680,234.42产成品717,064,465.57612,318,092.59低值易耗品835,703.781,186,492.75存货小计1,909,968,634.771,457,285,906.28减:存货跌价准备167,944,415.97132,455,113.77合计1,742,024,218.801,324,830,792.51注:年末存货较上年增加452,682,728.49元,,变动比例31.06%,主要系子公司金龙联合公司及苏州金龙公司本年销售较上年增加及车型配置变化的需要,相应采购的原材料增加库存所致。(2)各项存货跌价准备的增减变动情况:存货种类年初账面余额本年计提额本年减少额年末账面余额转回转销原材料111,921,072.4126,083,399.341,385,477.31136,618,994.44在产品1,694,135.784,376,565.246,070,701.02产成品18,839,905.587,431,824.911,017,009.9825,254,720.51合计132,455,113.7737,891,789.492,402,487.29167,944,415.97注:①年末存货按照成本与可变现净值孰低计量,按成本高于可变现净值的部分提取存货跌价准备;②本年原材料和产成品跌价准备转销系该部分原材料和库存商品本年已销售,相应转出已计提的跌价准备。2009年:(1)存货分类列示如下:项目年末账面余额年初账面余额金额跌价准备账面价值金额跌价准备账面价值原材料701,663,290.98169,921,522.68531,741,768.30883,748,421.92141,685,084.50742,063,337.42在产品360,967,184.527,113,464.54353,853,719.98308,320,043.506,070,701.02302,249,342.48库存商品479,417,859.6528,612,160.35450,805,699.30717,064,465.5720,188,630.45696,875,835.12低值易耗品13,420.8313,420.83835,703.78835,703.78合计1,542,061,755.98205,647,147.571,336,414,608.411,909,968,634.77167,944,415.971,742,024,218.80(2)各项存货跌价准备的增减变动情况存货种类年初账面余额本年计提额本年减少额年末账面余额转回转销原材料141,685,084.5053,904,465.1625,668,026.98169,921,522.68在产品6,070,701.026,647,631.595,604,868.077,113,464.54库存商品20,188,630.4513,110,485.414,686,955.5128,612,160.35合计167,944,415.9773,662,582.1635,959,850.56205,647,147.57注:①存货跌价准备计提依据见报告附注二之(十);②本年存货跌价准备无转回情况,存货跌价准备转销系该部分原材料、在产品已于本年发出,产成品已于本年销售,相应转出已计提的跌价准备。二、存货数量分析从上图分析可知,金龙客车2005年至2009年期间,年初存货数量在逐步上升,可说明企业在逐步增加生产,购买原材料,扩大产能,以满足市场需求。在2005至2007年度期初存货增加的同时,当期存货变化量同增加量相比基本保持同比例增长,这说明企业不是一味的扩大产能。在产能扩大的同时,销售量也在增长。但是,2008年度受到全球经济大环境影响,制造行业不景气,造成了存货的积压,进入2009年后,由于经济形势的好转,企业当年消化存货数量大增,造成了存货的“负增长”,及时清出了存货,促进了存货的周转。三、存货结构分析2005年存货结构项目年末数所占比例原材料517,545,301.960.487980产成品428,209,640.360.403748在产品193,117,995.940.182086自制半成品8,301,019.240.007827低值易耗品884,760.710.000834分期付款发出商品委托加工物资103,600.800.000098备品备件515,951.790.000486辅助材料221,858.940.000209减:存货跌价准备88,312,579.630.083268合计1,060,587,550.112006年存货结构项目年末数所占比例原材料605,475,903.300.479036产成品518,471,174.900.410201在产品236,829,627.380.187373自制半成品9,095,640.290.007196低值易耗品928,180.200.000734委托加工物资97,747.520.000077备品备件523,968.450.000415辅助材料166,794.790.000132减:存货跌价准备107,643,765.860.085165合计1,263,945,270.972007年存货结构项目年末数所占比例原材料586101086.520.442397产成品257680234.420.194500在产品612318092.590.462186低值易耗品1186492.750.000896减:存货跌价准备132455113.770.099979合计1,324,830,792.512008年存货结构项目年末数所占比例原材料883,748,421.920.507311产成品308,320,043.500.176990在产品717,064,465.570.411627低值易耗品835,703.780.000480减:存货跌价准备167,944,415.970.096408合计1,742,024,218.802009年存货结构项目年末数所占比例原材料701,663,290.980.455016产成品360,967,184.520.234081在产品479,417,859.650.310894低值易耗品13,420.830.000009减:存货跌价准备205,647,147.570.133359合计1,542,061,755.98从以上表格可看出,金龙客车在2005年至2009年期间的存货结构特点明显,原材料所占比例基本维持在50%左右,在产品和产成品合计所占比例占50%左右,而在产品和产成品各自所占的比例随会计期间不同而变化。企业为了连续生产,保持稳定的原材料库存是很有必要的,但是产成品的比例如果过高,必然造成资金占用率过高,阻碍资金周转,相应影响企业继续生产。2005年和2006年企业的产成品比例相继超过了存货总量的40%,这对于企业来说,风险是比较大的。但是从2007年开始,企业调整了战略,将产成品的比例逐步减小到了20%左右,节约了资金成本,为企业继续发展提供了保证。四、存货管理分析由上图分析可知,金龙客车2005年至2009年间存货占流动资产比例逐年下降,说明企业存货管理的质量在逐年提升,有助于企业的长期发展。年份平