RG1.021 固体废物内和放射性材料释放的辐射强度测量评估和报告 2009

U.S.NUCLEARREGULATORYCOMMISSIONJune2009Revision2REGULATORYGUIDEOFFICEOFNUCLEARREGULATORYRESEARCHTheNRCissuesregulatoryguidestodescribeandmakeavailabletothepublicmethodsthattheNRCstaffconsidersacceptableforuseinimplementingspecificpartsoftheagency’sregulations,techniquesthatthestaffusesinevaluatingspecificproblemsorpostulatedaccidents,anddatathatthestaffneedsinreviewingapplicationsforpermitsandlicenses.Regulatoryguidesarenotsubstitutesforregulations,andcompliancewiththemisnotrequired.MethodsandsolutionsthatdifferfromthosesetforthinregulatoryguideswillbedeemedacceptableiftheyprovideabasisforthefindingsrequiredfortheissuanceorcontinuanceofapermitorlicensebytheCommission.Thisguidewasissuedafterconsiderationofcommentsreceivedfromthepublic.Regulatoryguidesareissuedin10broaddivisions:1,PowerReactors;2,ResearchandTestReactors;3,FuelsandMaterialsFacilities;4,EnvironmentalandSiting;5,MaterialsandPlantProtection;6,Products;7,Transportation;8,OccupationalHealth;9,AntitrustandFinancialReview;and10,General.ElectroniccopiesofthisguideandotherrecentlyissuedguidesareavailablethroughtheNRC’spublicWebsiteundertheRegulatoryGuidesdocumentcollectionoftheNRC’sElectronicReadingRoomat’sAgencywideDocumentsAccessandManagementSystem(ADAMS)at(DraftwasissuedasDG-1186,datedOctober2008)MEASURING,EVALUATING,ANDREPORTINGRADIOACTIVEMATERIALINLIQUIDANDGASEOUSEFFLUENTSANDSOLIDWASTEA.INTRODUCTIONThisguidedescribesmethodsthestaffoftheU.S.NuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC)considersacceptableforuse:(1)inmeasuring,evaluating,andreportingplant-relatedradioactivity(excludingbackgroundradiation)ineffluentsandsolidradioactivewasteshipmentsfromNRClicensedfacilities,(2)inassessingandreportingthepublicdosefromfacilityoperations,and(3)oncomplyingwith40CFR190inaccordancewiththerequirementsof10CFR20.1301(e).Thisguideincorporatestherisk-informedprinciplesoftheReactorOversightProcess.Arisk-informed,performance-basedapproachtoregulatorydecision-makingcombinesthe“risk-informed”and“performance-based”elementsdiscussedinthestaffrequirementsmemorandumonSECY-98-144,“WhitePaperonRisk-InformedandPerformance-BasedRegulation,”datedMarch1,1999(Ref.1).Thefollowingregulationsanddesigncriteriaestablishtheregulatorybasisfortheradiologicaleffluentcontrolprogram:1.Title10oftheCodeofFederalRegulations(10CFR)Section20.1501,“Surveys”(Ref.2),Rev.2ofRG1.21,Page22.10CFR50.36a,“TechnicalSpecificationsonEffluentsfromNuclearPowerReactors”(Ref.3),3.10CFR20.1302,“CompliancewithDoseLimitsforIndividualMembersofthePublic,”4.10CFR72.44(d),“LicenseConditions”(Ref.4),5.SectionIV.BofAppendixI,“NumericalGuidesforDesignObjectivesandLimitingConditionsforOperationtoMeettheCriterion‘AsLowAsIsReasonablyAchievable’forRadioactiveMaterialinLight-Water-CooledNuclearPowerReactorEffluents,”to10CFRPart50,“DomesticLicensingofProductionandUtilizationFacilities.”6.GeneralDesignCriterion60,“Controlofreleasesofradioactivematerialstotheenvironment,”ofAppendixA,“GeneralDesignCriteriaforNuclearPowerPlants,”toTitle10,Part50,oftheCodeofFederalRegulations(10CFRPart50),“DomesticLicensingofProductionandUtilizationFacilities.”7.GeneralDesignCriterion64,“Monitoringradioactivityreleases,”ofAppendixA,“GeneralDesignCriteriaforNuclearPowerPlants,”toTitle10,Part50,oftheCodeofFederalRegulations(10CFRPart50),“DomesticLicensingofProductionandUtilizationFacilities.”10CFR20.1501requiressurveysthatmaybenecessaryandarereasonabletoevaluatethemagnitudeandextentofpotentialradiologicalhazards.In10CFRPart20,“StandardsforProtectionagainstRadiation,”“survey”isdefinedasanevaluationoftheradiologicalconditionsandpotentialhazardsrelatedtoradioactivematerialorothersourcesofradiation,including(1)aphysicalsurveyofthelocationofradioactivematerialand(2)measurementsorcalculationsoflevelsofradiationorconcentrationsorquantitiesofradioactivematerialpresent.Thedesignobjectivessetoutin10CFRPart50,AppendixI,providenumericalguidanceonlimitingconditionsforoperationforlight-watercoolednuclearpowerreactorstomeettherequirementthatradioactivematerialsineffluentsdischargedtounrestrictedareasbekeptaslowasisreasonablyachievable(ALARA).10CFR50.36arequiresestablishingtechnicalspecificationswithproceduresandcontrolsovereffluents,includingreporting(1)thequantityofeachoftheprincipalradionuclidesdischargedtounrestrictedareasinliquidandgaseouseffluentsand(2)otherinformationusedtoestimatethemaximumpotentialannualradiationdosestothepublicfromradioactiveeffluents.In10CFR20.1302,theNRCestablishesrequirementsforsurveysintheunrestrictedandcontrolledareasandforradioactivematerialsineffluentsdischargedtounrestrictedandcontrolledareas.Thepurposeofthesesurveysistodemonstratecompliancewiththedoselimitsof10CFR20.1301,“DoseLimitsforIndividualMembersofthePublic.”Although10CFR20.1302(b)(2)providesasecondmethodofdemonstratingcompliancewithdoselimitsforindividualmembersofthepublic,nuclearpowerplanttechnicalspecificationsessentiallyre