RG1.184 核电厂退役 2000

RegulatoryguidesareissuedtodescribeandmakeavailabletothepublicsuchinformationasmethodsacceptabletotheNRCstaffforimplementingspecificpartsoftheNRC’sregulations,techniquesusedbythestaffinevaluatingspecificproblemsorpostulatedaccidents,anddataneededbytheNRCstaffinitsreviewofapplicationsforpermitsandlicenses.Regulatoryguidesarenotsubstitutesforregulations,andcompliancewiththemisnotrequired.MethodsandsolutionsdifferentfromthosesetoutintheguideswillbeacceptableiftheyprovideabasisforthefindingsrequisitetotheissuanceorcontinuanceofapermitorlicensebytheCommission.Thisguidewasissuedafterconsiderationofcommentsreceivedfromthepublic.Commentsandsuggestionsforimprovementsintheseguidesareencouragedatalltimes,andguideswillberevised,asappropriate,toaccommodatecommentsandtoreflectnewinformationorexperience.WrittencommentsmaybesubmittedtotheRulesandDirectivesBranch,ADM,U.S.NuclearRegulatoryCommission,Washington,DC20555-0001.Regulatoryguidesareissuedintenbroaddivisions:1,PowerReactors;2,ResearchandTestReactors;3,FuelsandMaterialsFacilities;4,EnvironmentalandSiting;5,MaterialsandPlantProtection;6,Products;7,Transportation;8,OccupationalHealth;9,AntitrustandFinancialReview;and10,General.Singlecopiesofregulatoryguides(whichmaybereproduced)maybeobtainedfreeofchargebywritingtheDistributionServicesSection,U.S.NuclearRegulatoryCommission,Washington,DC20555-0001,orbyfaxto(301)415-2289,[e-mail]ideareavailableontheinternetatNRC’shomepageat(DraftwasDG-1067)DECOMMISSIONINGOFNUCLEARPOWERREACTORSA.INTRODUCTIONDecommissioningmeanspermanentlyremovinganuclearfacilityfromserviceandreducingradioactivematerialonthelicensedsitetolevelsthatwouldpermitterminationoftheNRClicense.OnJune27,1988,theNRCissuedgeneralrequirementsondecommissioningthatcontainedtechnicalandfinancialcriteriaanddealtwithplanningneeds,timing,fundingmechanisms,andenvironmentalreviewrequirements(53FR24018).Theserequirementswerecodifiedin10CFR50.75,50.82,51.53,and51.95.OnJuly29,1996,afinalruleamendingtheregulationsondecommissioningprocedureswaspublishedintheFederalRegister(61FR39278).Theruleamended10CFRPart2,“RulesofPracticeforDomesticLicensingProceedingsandIssuanceofOrders”;Part50,“DomesticLicensingofProductionandUtilizationFacilities”;andPart51,“EnvironmentalProtectionRegulationsforDomesticLicensingandRelatedRegulatoryFunctions.”Thisruleclarifiedtheregulationsfordecommissioningnuclearpowerfacilities.Therulereflectstheexperienceandknowledgegainedduringactualfacilitydecommissionings,industry-andgovernment-sponsoredworkshops,andconferencesondecommissioning.Theruleclarifiesambiguitiesinthepreviousregulations,reducesunnecessaryrequirements,providesadditionalflexibility,andcodifiesproceduresandterminologythathavebeenusedonacase-by-casebasis.Inaddition,theruleincreasestheopportunitiesforthepublictobecomeinformedaboutalicensee’sdecommissioningactivities.The1996ruleisdesignedtoestablishalevelofNRCoversightcommensuratewiththelevelofNRC-regulatedactivitiesexpectedduringdecommissioning.The1996ruleextendstheuseof10CFR50.59,“Changes,Tests,andExperiments,”toallowlicenseestomakechangestofacilitiesundergoingdecommissioningusingtheprocessdescribedin10CFR1.184-250.59.PriortotheruleofJuly29,1996,decommissioningactivitieswereauthorizedonlyiftheywereconsistentwithanNRC-approveddecommissioningplan.SignificantdeviationsfromthedecommissioningplanrequiredpriorapprovalfromtheNRCstaff.Tofacilitateunderstandingofthedecommissioningprocess,theNRCstaffhasdividedthedecommissioningactivitiesforpowerreactorsintothreephases.Thefirstphaseofdecommission-ingincludestheinitialactivities,startingontheeffectivedateofpermanentcessationofoperationsandencompassingtheactivitiesbeforethelicenseeeitherplacesthepowerreactorinastoragemodeorbeginsmajordecommissioningactivities.Thesecondphaseencompassesactivitiesduringthestorageperiodorduringmajordecommissioningactivities(i.e.,decontaminationanddismantlement),orsomecombinationofthetwo.Thethirdphaseconsistsoftherestoftheactivitiesthelicenseeundertakestoterminatethelicense.Theamendmentsto10CFRParts2and51intherulepertaintothisthirdphaseofdecommissioning.The“FinalGenericEnvironmentalImpactStatement(GEIS)onDecommissioningofNuclearFacilities,”NUREG-0586(Ref.1),evaluatestheenvironmentalimpactofthreemethodsfordecommissioning.Thesupplementalinformationtothe1988decommissioningrule(53FR24019)alsodiscussesthethreedecommissioningmethods.Ashortsummaryofthethreemethodsfollows.DECON:Theequipment,structures,andportionsofthefacilityandsitethatcontainradioactivecontaminantsareremovedordecontaminatedtoalevelthatpermitsterminationofthelicenseaftercessationofoperations.TheGEISfoundDECONtobeanacceptabledecommissioningmethod.SAFSTOR:Thefacilityisplacedinasafestableconditionandmaintain