【小升初】英语总复习课件 - 介词 全国通用

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专题十二介词介词常置于名词或代词之前,表示该词与其他成分之间的关系,一般在句中不单独作任何句子成分。如:Thereisakiteinthesky.天上有一只风筝。(介词in表示方位)Maryislikehermother.玛丽长得像她妈妈。(介词like表示比较)考点一介词的分类根据介词本身的意义,可将介词分为时间介词、方位介词、动向介词、方式介词、其他介词等。词类例词时间介词at,in,on,before,after,from方位介词on,in,near,at,behind,between,beside,over,above,under,below,off,infrontof动向介词to,into,up,down,across,through,along,outof方式介词by,with,in其他介词for,of,with,about,like考点二常见介词用法辨析1.at,in,on在表示时间时的区别(1)at:①表示具体的时间点,如:atfiveo'clock,atnine等;②表示人的年龄,如:attheageofsix,attheageof12等。(2)in:①常与上午、下午、晚上等词连用,如:inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening等;②常与月份、季节、年份连用,如:inJuly,inspring,in2013等。(3)on:①常与星期连用,如:onMonday,onSunday等;②表示具体的某一天,如:onJune1st,onMay3rd等;③表示在某天的上午、下午或晚上,如:onSaturdaymorning等。2.in和at在表示地点时的区别(1)in:表示在某物里面,也可表示在一个很大的空间内,它的后面可接较大的地点和场所。如:HelivesinShanghai.他住在上海。(2)at:表示在某物旁边、周围,不强调某物的空间,与特定位置和地点连用。如:atthedoor在门口atthecornerofthestreet在街角3.across,through在表示位置上的区别(1)across:指“穿过”这一动作在某个物体的表面进行。如:Hewalkedacrosstheroadcarefully.他小心地穿过马路。(2)through:指“穿过”这一动作在某个物体的空间内进行(从开始到结束)。如:Hewalkedthroughtheforestalone.他独自一人走过森林。4.above,over,below,under在表示位置上的区别(1)above:表示两个物体一个在另一个的上方,但不一定是在正上方,且两个物体之间没有接触。如:Thebirdsareflyingabovethetrees.鸟儿们正在树的上空飞翔。(2)over:表示垂直在上的正上方,两个物体表面没有接触。如:Thereisabridgeovertheriver.河上有一座桥。(3)below:意为“在……的下方”,不一定表示正下方。如:Theclimbersstoppedat300metersbelowthetopofthemountain.登山运动员们在离山顶300米处停了下来。(4)under:表示一物在另一物垂直在下的正下方。如:Ifoundmykeyunderthetable.我在桌子下面找到了钥匙。5.by,with和in表示方式时的区别(1)by:表示“以……方法、手段”或泛指乘某种交通工具。如:Igotoschoolbybikeeveryday.我每天骑自行车上学。(2)with:表示“用;以”,一般接具体的工具和手段。如:Shecutthecakewithaknife.她用小刀切开了那个蛋糕。(3)in:表示“用某种语言”;穿着,戴着。如:ThegirlinaredT­shirtismysister.穿红色T恤衫的女孩是我妹妹。考点三常见介词短语举例1.动词+介词agreewith同意askfor要求belongto属于comefrom来自;从……来geton上车getoff下车getto到达laughat因……而发笑;嘲笑lookat看;瞧lookfor寻找listento听……playwith玩……puton穿上speakto和……讲话takeoff脱下talkabout谈论tryon试穿turnon打开writeto给……写信2.形容词+介词afraidof害怕angrywith恼怒goodat擅长于famousfor因……而出名3.名词+介词attentionto对……的注意confidencein对……的信心differencefrom与……不同difficultyin/with在……的困难4.介词+其他词afterschool放学后atleast至少atonce立刻byaccident偶然;意外byoneself独自bytheway顺便说一下inEnglish用英语onholiday度假【例1】单项选择。()1.Thetrainarrived________8:00Mondaymorning.A.at;inB.at;onC.on;in()2.Heiswaitingforus________thebusstation.A.onB.inC.at()3.Mybirthdayis________May.A.inB.onC.at☞思路点拨:第1题中,在钟点前用介词at,“在具体某天的早晨”用介词on。第2题表示“在车站”,用at。第3题介词in,on和at都能表示时间:in后跟表示年、月和季节的数字或单词,on后跟具体的某一天,at后跟具体的时刻。本题中May表示“五月”,应用介词in。【答案】1.B2.C3.A【例2】根据图片内容,在横线上填上恰当的介词。1.Themouseis________thedesk.2.Thepillow(枕头)is________thebed.3.Theteddybear(玩具熊)is________thechair.4.Thepencilis________thebook.☞思路点拨:第1题的图片所反映的信息是:老鼠在桌子下面。由此可以断定,英文句子的横线上应填表示“在……下面”这一意思的介词under。按照这种方法,可以判断其他题依次选用介词on(在……上面),behind(在……后面)和in(在……里面)。【答案】1.under2.on3.behind4.in知识检测知识检测14介词(训练时间:40分钟分值:100分)一、英汉互译。(15分)1.onthefarm在农场2.在树后面_behindthetree3.bytrain乘火车4.对……生气beangrywith5.theboyinwhite穿白色衣服的男孩6.乘公共汽车bybus7.afterschool放学后8.在周末onweekends/ontheweekend9.underthechair在椅子下面10.在公园前面infront_ofthepark__二、补全下列词组。(6分)1.next__to__2.listen__to__music3.take__off__thecoat4.go__to__theshop5.sit__on__thegrass6.keep__in__touch三、用in,on,of,to,for或from填空。(6分)1.A:MayIspeak__to__MissGreen?B:Sorry,she'snotin.2.A:Tom,thisnewshirtis__for__you.B:Thankyou,Mum.3.A:Excuseme,where'stheclassroom__of__ClassOne?B:Room201.4.A:Areyou__from__Beijing?B:No,I'mnot.5.A:What's__in__theletterbox?B:Manyletters.6.A:Arethereanybooks__on__thedesk?B:Yes,thereare.四、选择合适的介词填空。(每词只用一次)(10分)underbeforeatinfrontofonoverforinbehindwith1.Lucyisill,sosheis__at__homenow.2.Thereisabridge__over__theriver.3.It'sveryhottoday.Let'ssit__under__thetree.4.Thegirl__in__blueismysister.5.Icomehere__for__thebook.6.Wegottheretheday__before__yesterday.7.Mybirthdayis__on__May3rd.8.Thereisariver__in_front_of__thehouse.9.Thegirl__with__longhairismysister.10.Hisfootballis__behind__thedoor.Hecan'tfindit.五、用介词填空。(20分)1.Mymothergoestoworkbybicycle.Igotoschool__on__foot.2.Hewashere__at__aquartertoeleven.Nowheis__under/beside/near/in__thetree.3.Theoldlady__in__blueisblind(失明的).Shecan'tsee__with__hereyes.4.Samis__from/in__Australia.5.Tonyisangry__with__thecat.6.What'stheweather__like__today?7.Thanks__for__helpingme.六、单项选择。(15分)(B)1.—What'sthis________English?—It'sanapple.A.onB.inC.atD.of(C)2.Lily,canyougoshopping_________________me?A.nearB.atC.withD.from(A)3.Myfatherisn't________hisoffice.Heis________home.A.in;atB.at;inC.in;inD.at;at(B)4.Itoftenrains________June.A.ofB.inC.atD.on(D)5.Theyarewaitingforabus________thebusstop.A.inB.toC.onD.at(B)6.Hurryup.It'stime________class.A.toB.forC.ofD.at(C)7.Weworked________thefarmlastweek.A.inB.toC.onD.of(A)8.Heislate________school.A.forB.onC.inD.to(C)9.Wehavesports________four___________theafternoon.A.at;atB.on;inC.at;inD.on;at(A)10.________July1st,I'llflytoMary'shome.A.OnB.InC.AtD.By(A)11.Ihaveapresent.Itis________mymother.A.fromB.forC.toD.of(A)12.Doyouknowthegirl________red?A.inB.withC.ofD.for(A)13.Icanseemanytrees________theclassroom.A.infrontofB.inthefrontofC.infrontD.inthefront(C)14.I'mgoingtomakeacard________myEnglishteacher____Teachers'Day.A.for;atB.to;onC.for;onD.to;at(C)15.MrsSmi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