第26课时阅读理解与写作复习目标1.了解阅读理解的常见题型2.掌握阅读理解的解题方法3.了解写作的常见题型4.掌握写作的解题方法知识梳理一、小学阶段阅读理解的常见题型及解题方法常见题型一般来讲,小学阅读理解主要有以下四种题型:①阅读短文,判断正误;②阅读短文,选择正确答案;③阅读短文,回答下列问题;④根据所读短文内容填空。阅读理解的解题方法阅读短文判断正误此类题目以文章细节设题,重在考查学生识别文章信息的能力。做这类题目关键是要读清题目要求,弄清楚到底是打“√”、“×”,还是写“T”、“F”等等。择正确答案这是最常见的一种阅读理解题型。既有细节理解题、词义猜测题,又有主旨大意题,能全面地考查学生的阅读能力。做题时,要多关注以what,when,how,where等特殊疑问词提问的细节题。对于生词,要根据上下文的语意去推敲。阅读短文回答下列问题此类题目不但能考查学生的阅读理解能力,还能考查学生的语言组织能力。书写要认真仔细,回答问题必要时要变换人称。根据所读短文内容填空这种类型的题主要考查学生对短文细节内容的把握能力,一般能直接找到答案。但必要时也要注意人称的变换。二、写作的常见题型与注意事项及方法命题作文可以分为写人、写物、写景、写事四类:①写人时,可以从人物的籍贯、五官、衣着、喜好、性格特征等方面加以描述。②写物的作文。平时要多观察身边的一草一木,注意颜色、形状、大小、习性等细节。③写景时,要按时间或空间的顺序来写。当然也可以根据内容的不同加以评价或陈述你喜欢的原因。④写事时,要注意条理性,一般按时间、地点、人物、事件来记叙。运用时态要准确。若题目中给出中文提示,写作时要注意:①按照提示信息整理出要点;②按要点组成语意连贯的文字③不要逐字翻译,可适当补充一些内容看图作文①仔细观察每幅图片;②把握每幅图的要点和图画间的内在联系,用最简单的语句概括每幅图的内容;③补充每幅图的细节。如:时间、地点等;④运用恰当的连接词或过渡词,连接成文。应用文应用文包括通知、书信、日记、邮件、贺卡等。写应用文要注意:①应用文的写作格式。应用文的格式是约定俗成的,不能独创一格。②应用文的内容要力求简明扼要。应用文一定要把意思表达清楚,使人一看就懂,一听就明白。③语言方面要求文字准确无误,通顺朴实,要准确运用特定的惯用词语,不要乱用形容词。阅读短文,选择正确答案。OnChristmasmorning,childrenliketogetupearlytofindthepresentsinthestockingsorundertheChristmastrees.OnChristmasDay,Mikegotupatsixtwenty.Hequicklyputontheclothesandlookedforhispresentinthestocking.“Wow,whatalovelytoydog!Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidhappily.Thenheranouttothetreetoseewhat'sinthebox.Heshook(摇)theboxandlistened.Hissister,Nancycametohim,“Oh,Mike,youaretakingmypresent.”“What?Openitandhavealook!”Thentheyopenedthebox,thereisaprettydressinit.Mikelookedaround,andhesawanotherboxforhimunderthetree.()1.WhendidMikegetuponChristmasDay?A.Attwentytosix.B.Attwentypastsix.C.Atsix.()2.Theunderlined(画线的)word“stocking”heremeans“________”.A.木头B.长筒袜C.箱子()3.Theprettydresswasfor________.A.MikeB.Mike'sbrotherC.Mike'ssisterBBC【解析】本篇短文描述了西方国家孩子过圣诞节的情形。迈克从长筒袜里获得了一份礼物,然后又从树下拿了一个礼物盒,但是却错拿了妹妹南希的礼物——裙子。第一题:迈克在圣诞节这天是什么时间起床的?是细节题。从短文第二句可知为sixtwenty,选项中没有直接出现,而是出现了另外一种表达法twentypastsix,故答案选B。第二题:推测单词“stocking”的意思,可根据我们的文化常识理解为“圣诞节用来放礼物的长筒袜”。第三题:漂亮的裙子是谁的?通读文章,南希发现哥哥错拿了自己的礼物,因此可以判断裙子是迈克的妹妹南希的。【答案】1.B2.B3.C书面表达。同学们,明天就是星期六了,你打算干什么呢?把你的计划写下来,和我们分享一下吧。提示:可以写写你星期六上午、下午和晚上都准备干些什么。文章可用begoingto结构。题目已经给出。要求:时态正确,语句通顺,文章不少于5个句子。MySaturday________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【解析】先确定文章要用的时态,这里写计划,应当选用一般将来时态。题目要求的是把星期六计划所做的事写下来,那么可以想想自己通常在星期六会安排一些什么活动,比如跟爸爸妈妈一起去公园玩,在家里做作业、看书、看电视,去乡下看望爷爷奶奶,跟朋友一起去打球等等。【参考范文】MySaturdayTomorrowisSaturday.I'mgoingtoreadEnglishinthemorning.ThenI'mgoingtobuyagiftformymother,becausetomorrowisherbirthday.Intheafternoon,I'mgoingtodomyhomework.I'mgoingtoseeafilmwithmyparentsintheevening.ItwillbeabusySaturday.考点闯关26一、完形填空:选择恰当的选项完成短文。DearLinTao,Thankyouforyourletter.Your__1__lifeisinteresting!I__2__Icangotovisityousoon.NowIwouldliketotellyousomething__3__mylifeatschoolinCanada.We__4__togotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.Classes__5__atnineo'clock.Afterfiftyminutes,thereisashortrest.__6__thistime,we__7__eatsomefoodinthedininghallorplaysportsoutside.It'srelaxing.Wehavelunchatschool.Thefoodthereisdelicious.Classesstartat3:30inthe__8__andthenwecanhavefunatallkindsofclubs.IknowChinesestudentsusuallyhavelotsofhomework__9__everyday.Wealsohavehomework,butitisn'ttoo__10__.Bestwishes!Cindy()1.A.homeB.vacationC.familyD.school()2.A.hopeB.wantC.likeD.enjoy()3.A.inB.toC.aboutD.from()4.A.mustB.haveC.knowD.ask()5.A.startB.bringC.takeD.learn()6.A.WithB.InC.OnD.During()7.A.can'tB.canC.aren'tD.don't()8.A.nightB.morningC.eveningD.afternoon()9.A.doB.doesC.todoD.doing()10.A.muchB.littleC.manyD.anyDACBADBDCA二、阅读下列短文,并判断文后句子的正(T)误(F)。Hello!MynameisTim.I'msevenyearsold.Mybrotheristwelveyearsold.Hisbirthdayisingoldenfall.Theweatheriscoolandsunny.It'smyfavouriteseason.Mymother'sbirthdayisinOctober,too.Usuallyweclimbmountains.Sometimeswehaveapicnic.Wehavealotoffunonthatday!()11.I'mtwelveyearsold.()12.I'mTim.()13.MybirthdayisinOctober.()14.Mymother'sbirthdayisinOctober.()15.Mybrotherhasalotoffunonhisbirthday.11.F12.T13.F14.T15.T三、阅读短文,选择正确答案。MrsJoneswasateacher.Herhousewasnotfarfromherschool,andsheoftenwalkedthereinthemorning.Allthestudentsintheschoolwereveryyoung.OnecoldandwindymorninginOctober,MrsJoneswalkedtoschool.Thecoldwindwentintohereyesandtears(泪)begantorunoutofthem.Shegottoschool,openedthedoorandwentintotheclassroom.Itwasnice,warmthereandMrsJoneswashappy.Butthenasmallboylookedatherforsometime,puthisarmsroundherandsaid,“Don'tcry,MrsJones.Schoolisn'tverybad.”()16.MrsJones'shousewasnotfarandsheusuallywenttoschool________.A.bybikeB.onfootC.bybus()17.________whenshewenttoschoolonemorning.A.ItwashotB.ItwassunnyC.Itwaswindyandcold()18.Theclassroomwas________.A.coldB.coolC.warm()19.WhenMrsJonesgottotheclassroom,shewas________.A.angryB.sadC.happy()20.Thesmallboywantedto________.A.makeMrsJoneshappyB.makeMrsJonessadC.makeMrsJonesangryBCCCA四、根据短文内容回答问题。Johnisastudent.Heusuallygoestoschoolonfoot.Thismorninghewenttoschoolbybusbecausehegotuplate.MikeisJohn'sclassmateandhedidn'tgotoschool.Hewentswimmingyesterdayandhadacold.Thedoctoraskedhimtotakesomemedicine(药)andstayinbed.Sohehastostayathomefora