英文版财务会计PPT 1

Copyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved1AccountingandtheBusinessEnvironmentChapter1Copyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved2Objective1UseaccountingvocabularyCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved3Accounting•Measures•Processes•Communicates…..FinancialinformationtodecisionmakersCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved4DecisionMakers•Individuals•Businesses•Investors•Creditors•TaxingAuthoritiesCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved5Financialvs.ManagerialAccounting•FinancialAccounting–Informationforpeopleoutsideofthecompany•ManagerialAccounting–InformationforinternaldecisionmakersCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved6GoverningOrganizations•FASB–FinancialAccountingStandardsBoard•SEC–SecuritiesandExchangeCommission•AICPA–AmericanInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountants•IMA–InstituteofManagementAccountantsCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved7Ethics•Audit–Examinationofcompany’sfinancialsituation–Performedbyindependentaccountants•Sarbanes-OxleyAct–Criminaloffensetofalsifyfinancialstatements•PublicCompaniesAccountingOversightBoard–MonitorsworkofaccountantsCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved8StandardsofProfessionalConduct•AICPA–CodeofProfessionalConductforAccountants•IMA–StandardsofEthicalConductCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved9TypesofBusinessOrganizations•Proprietorships•Partnerships•CorporationsCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved10Objective2ApplyaccountingconceptsandprinciplesCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved11GAAP•GenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples–Accountingguidelinesthatgovernhowaccountantsmeasure,process,andcommunicatefinancialinformation–FormulatedbyFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)Copyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved12GAAP•Primaryobjectiveoffinancialaccounting–provideinformationthatisusefulformakinginvestmentandlendingdecisionsCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved13EntityConcept•AccountingEntity–organizationthatstandsapartasaseparateeconomicunitCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved14•Accountinginformationisbasedonthemostreliabledataavailable–Verifiable–Freefrombias–IndividualswouldarriveatsimilarconclusionsusingsamedataReliability(Objectivity)PrincipleCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved15CostPrinciple•Acquiredassetsandservicesshouldberecordedattheiractualcost(historicalcost)Copyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved16GoingConcernConcept•AssumesthattheentitywillremaininoperationfortheforeseeablefutureCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved17Stable-Monetary-UnitConcept•Assumesthatthedollar’spurchasingpowerisstableCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved18Objective3UsetheaccountingequationCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved19Assets•Economicresources,expectedtobenefitthebusinessinthefuture–Cash–Accountsreceivable–Merchandiseinventory–Furniture–LandCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved20ClaimstotheAssets•Liabilities–economicobligationspayabletoanindividualororganizationoutsidethebusiness–Accountspayable–Notespayable–SalarypayableCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved21ClaimstotheAssets•Owner’sEquity(capital)–claimofbusinessownertotheassetsofthebusinessCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved22EconomicResourcesClaimstoEconomicResourcesTheAccountingEquationAssets=Liabilities+Owner’sEquityCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved23TransactionsthatAffectOwner’sEquityOWNER’SEQUITYINCREASESOWNER’SEQUITYDECREASESOwnerInvestmentsRevenuesExpensesOwnerWithdrawalsOwner’sEquityCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved24Revenues•Amountsearnedbydeliveringgoodsorservicestocustomers–Salesrevenue–Servicerevenue–Interestrevenue–DividendrevenueCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved25Expenses•Decreaseinowner’sequitythatoccursfromusingassetsorincreasingliabilitiesinthecourseofdeliveringgoodsorservicestocustomers–Salaryexpense–Rentexpense–Utilitiesexpense–InterestexpenseCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved26Exercise1-18AssetsLiabilitiesOwner’sEquityPepBoys$?$60,000$21,000EddieBauer?40,000BenbrookExxon100,00079,000?$81,00032,00021,000$72,000Copyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved27Objective4AnalyzebusinesstransactionsCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved28Transaction•AneventthataffectsthefinancialpositionofaparticularentityandcanberecordedreliablyCopyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved29Exercise1-17a.Increasedassets(cash)b.Noeffectontotalassetsc.Decreasedassets(cash)d.Increasedassets(equipment)Copyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved30Exercise1-17e.Increasedassets(accountsreceivable)f.Decreasedassets(cash)g.Noeffectontotalassetsh.Increasedassets(cash)Copyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved31DateAssetsLiabilitiesOwner’sEquityJulyCashMedicalSuppliesLandAccountsPayableM.Lange,CapitalTypeofTransactionExercise1-2245,000InvestmentAssets=$45,000Liabilities&Owner’sEquity=$45,00045,0006Copyright©2007Prentice-Hall.Allrightsreserved32DateAssetsLiabilitiesOwner’sEquityJulyCashMedicalSuppliesLandAccountsPayableM.Lange,Capit