香港会计准则12-所得税

SSAP12(August2002)1SSAP12STATEMENTOFSTANDARDACCOUNTINGPRACTICE12INCOMETAXES(IssuedAugust2002)ContentsParagraphsOBJECTIVESCOPE1-4DEFINITIONS5-11TaxBase7-11RECOGNITIONOFCURRENTTAXLIABILITIESANDCURRENTTAXASSETS12-14RECOGNITIONOFDEFERREDTAXLIABILITIESANDDEFERREDTAXASSETS15-45TaxableTemporaryDifferences15-23BusinessCombinations19AssetsCarriedatFairValue20Goodwill21InitialRecognitionofanAssetorLiability22DeductibleTemporaryDifferences24-33NegativeGoodwill32InitialRecognitionofanAssetorLiability33UnusedTaxLossesandUnusedTaxCredits34-36Re-assessmentofUnrecognisedDeferredTaxAssets37InvestmentsinSubsidiaries,BranchesandAssociatesandInterestsinJointVentures38-45MEASUREMENT46-56RECOGNITIONOFCURRENTANDDEFERREDTAX57-58IncomeStatement58-60ItemsCreditedorChargedDirectlytoEquity61-65ADeferredTaxArisingfromaBusinessCombination66-68PRESENTATION69-78TaxAssetsandTaxLiabilities69-76Off-set71-76TaxExpense77-78TaxExpense(Income)RelatedtoProfitorLossfromOrdinaryActivities77SSAP12(August2002)2ExchangeDifferencesonDeferredForeignTaxLiabilitiesorAssets78DISCLOSURE79-88EFFECTIVEDATE89-90NOTESONLEGALREQUIREMENTSINHONGKONG91-96APPENDICES:A.ExamplesofTemporaryDifferencesB.IllustrativeComputationsandPresentationC.ComparisonofSSAP12withInternationalAccountingStandardsSSAP12(August2002)3STATEMENTOFSTANDARDACCOUNTINGPRACTICEINCOMETAXES(IssuedAugust2002)Thestandards,whichhavebeensetinbolditalictype,shouldbereadinthecontextofthebackgroundmaterialandimplementationguidanceandinthecontextoftheForewordtoStatementsofStandardAccountingPractice,InterpretationsandAccountingGuidelines.StatementsofStandardAccountingPracticearenotintendedtoapplytoimmaterialitems(seeparagraph8oftheForeword).Theexplanatoryguidanceandillustrativeexamplessetoutintheboxesaretoillustratetheapplicationofthestandardstoassistinclarifyingtheirmeaning.Theyareforgeneralguidanceonlyanddonotformpartofthestandards.ObjectiveTheobjectiveofthisStatementistoprescribetheaccountingtreatmentforincometaxes.Theprincipalissueinaccountingforincometaxesishowtoaccountforthecurrentandfuturetaxconsequencesof:(a)thefuturerecovery(settlement)ofthecarryingamountofassets(liabilities)thatarerecognisedinanenterprise'sbalancesheet;and(b)transactionsandothereventsofthecurrentperiodthatarerecognisedinanenterprise'sfinancialstatements.Itisinherentintherecognitionofanassetorliabilitythatthereportingenterpriseexpectstorecoverorsettlethecarryingamountofthatassetorliability.Ifitisprobablethatrecoveryorsettlementofthatcarryingamountwillmakefuturetaxpaymentslarger(smaller)thantheywouldbeifsuchrecoveryorsettlementweretohavenotaxconsequences,thisStatementrequiresanenterprisetorecogniseadeferredtaxliability(deferredtaxasset),withcertainlimitedexceptions.ThisStatementrequiresanenterprisetoaccountforthetaxconsequencesoftransactionsandothereventsinthesamewaythatitaccountsforthetransactionsandothereventsthemselves.Thus,fortransactionsandothereventsrecognisedintheincomestatement,anyrelatedtaxeffectsarealsorecognisedintheincomestatement.Fortransactionsandothereventsrecogniseddirectlyinequity,anyrelatedtaxeffectsarealsorecogniseddirectlyinequity.Similarly,therecognitionofdeferredtaxassetsandliabilitiesinabusinesscombinationaffectstheamountofgoodwillornegativegoodwillarisinginthatbusinesscombination.ThisStatementalsodealswiththerecognitionofdeferredtaxassetsarisingfromunusedtaxlossesorunusedtaxcredits,thepresentationofincometaxesinthefinancialstatementsandthedisclosureofinformationrelatingtoincometaxes.GeneralPrinciples•ThisStatementdealswithcurrenttaxesanddeferredtaxes.AsitsapproachtodeferredtaxesisdifferentfromthatcontainedinthesupersededSSAP12Accountingfordeferredtax,somegeneralprinciplesrelatingtothetreatmentofdeferredtaxesinthisStatementaresetoutbelow.SSAP12(August2002)4•Thefuturetaxconsequencesoftransactionsandothereventsrecognisedinanenterprise'sbalancesheetgiverisetodeferredtaxliabilitiesandassets,andarecalculatedinaccordancewiththefollowingformulae:Carryingamountsofassetsorliabilities-Taxbasesofassetsorliabilities=TaxableordeductibletemporarydifferencesTaxableordeductibletemporarydifferencesXTaxrates=Deferredtaxliabilitiesorassets•Deferredtaxassetsalsoarisefromunusedtaxlossesthattaxlawallowstobecarriedforward,andarecalculatedinaccordancewiththefollowingformula:UnusedtaxlossesXTaxrates=Deferredtaxassets•ThenotionoftemporarydifferencesiscentraltounderstandingtherequirementsofthisStatement.Ataxabletemporarydifferencegivesrisetoadeferredtaxliability.Adeductibletemporarydifferencegivesrisetoadeferredtaxasset.Ataxableordeductibletemporarydifferenceariseswhenthecarryingamountofanassetoraliabilitydiffersfromitstaxbase.ThemeaningoftaxbaseisofkeyimportancetoapplyingtherequirementsofthisStatement.Taxbaseisdefinedinparagraph5ofthisStatementandisgenerallytheamountthatwouldbeshownasanassetoraliabilityinabalancesheetpreparedfortaxpurposes.Unlikethepracticeinsomeothercountries,itisnotcustomaryinHongKongforenterprisestopreparetax-basedbalancesheets.However,thenotionofatax-basedbalancesheetisrelevanttothisStatementandmaybeusedasabasisfo