生物活性炭工艺中生物风险及控制措施研究

硕士学位论文生物活性炭工艺中生物风险及控制措施研究THERESEARCHONBIOLOGICALRISKANDCONTROLMEASURESFORBIOLOGICALACTIVATEDCARBONPROCESS王辉哈尔滨工业大学2012年06月国内图书分类号：X172学校代码：10213国际图书分类号：606密级：公开工程硕士学位论文生物活性炭工艺中生物风险及控制措施研究硕士研究生：王辉导师：张金松教授申请学位：工程硕士学科：环境工程所在单位：深圳研究生院答辩日期：2012年6月授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex:X172U.D.C:606DissertationfortheMasterDegreeinEngineeringTHERESEARCHONBIOLOGICALRISKANDCONTROLMEASURESFORBIOLOGICALACTIVATEDCARBONPROCESSCandidate：WangHuiSupervisor：Prof.ZhangJinsongAcademicDegreeAppliedfor：MasterofEngineeringSpeciality：EnvironmentalEngineeringAffiliation：ShenzhenGraduateSchoolDateofDefence：June,2012Degree-Conferring-Institution：HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-I-摘要本文在对生物活性炭工艺进行生物风险调查和研究的基础上，研究了生物活性炭工艺出水生物安全性的长期控制措施，提出了长期控制生物活性炭工艺出水生物安全性的运行优化措施。生物活性炭工艺炭上微生物量随深度增加呈现下降趋势。水温25-30摄氏度下，生物活性炭工艺出水的细菌总数在104量级，峰值时达到6.13×104CFU/ml，随着运行时间增加，出水细菌总数的峰值有所下降。生物活性炭工艺存在轮虫、剑水蚤、无节幼体等无脊椎动物大量爆发泄漏的风险。调查过程中，出水轮虫出现两次峰值，最高达602ind/m3水平；出水剑水蚤出现3次峰值，最高达370ind/m3；出水无节幼体出现3次峰值，最高值达到139ind/m3。炭层中轮虫、剑水蚤等的丰度将显著影响出水相应生物的丰度，而猛水蚤未观察到此种影响。滤速升高则炭上微生物量和出水细菌总数均增大，导致出水微生物风险增加，其中滤速从从8m/h上升到10m/h时，炭上微生物量变化最为显著，增加了3.0×106CFU/g炭。滤速设为8m/h对微生物和无脊椎动物爆发和泄露风险的综合控制效果最佳。在生物活性炭工艺中，提高反冲洗强度将导致生物活性炭工艺出水浊度略微提高。在一个过滤周期的末端，不同反冲洗强度下的生物活性炭工艺出水的微生物量差别不明显。反冲洗强度为6.6L/m2·s时出水轮虫峰值610ind/m3，而反冲强度16.0L/m2·s的滤柱出水轮虫峰值却只有130ind/m3，说明提高反冲洗强度，可降低生物活性炭工艺中出水的轮虫、无节幼体和剑水蚤密度；另外，提高反冲洗强度可大幅降低活性炭滤层中的剑水蚤丰度；此外，炭层中的轮虫丰度将不定期地出现峰值，并且随着反冲洗强度的提高，峰值时的轮虫丰度会增大，不过对出水中的轮虫丰度影响不明显。对于生物活性炭工艺，适当延长过滤周期对降低出水微生物量有一定效果。过滤周期为6天时，出水的平均微生物量最低，为25000CFU/ml左右。缩短过滤周期，可显著降低生物活性炭工艺炭层和出水的轮虫、无节幼体和剑水蚤的丰度，过滤周期为1d时，可有效避免无脊椎动物的峰值出现，降低无脊椎动物爆发和泄露的风险。调整运行参数对生物活性炭工艺出水的pH值影响很小；降低滤速将导致DO消耗量升高，其中由8m/h降低到6m/h时消耗率尤其明显，降低了1.0mg/L，过滤周期和反冲洗强度的改变对DO值的未产生明显的影响。适当降低滤速、反冲洗强度，延长过滤周期将使生物活性炭工艺对CODMn和UV254的去除率增加。哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-II-关键词：生物活性炭；生物风险；参数调整；控制措施哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-III-AbstractInthispaper，afterinvestigatingandresearchingthebiologicalriskofthebiologicalactivatedcarbonprocess,weresearchhowtocontrolinalongtermthebiologicalsafetyofthewateroutfrombiologicalactivatedcarbonprocess,andsuggestvalidmeasurestoachievethebiologicalsafetyfortheout-waterofbiologicalactivatedcarbonprocess.Inbiologicalactivatedcarbonprocess,microbialbiomassincreasewithdepthdeclining.Whenwatertemperatureisbetween25-30℃,thetotalbacterialcountofout-waterofbiologicalactivatedcarbonprocessisin104orderofmagnitude,andthemaximumvalueis6.13×104CFU/ml.Inbiologicalactivatedcarbonprocess,itisexistingthatinvertebratessuchasrotifers,cyclopsandnaupliusbreakout.Intheprocessofinvestigation,therearetwopeaksofrotifersinout-waterandthemaximumvalueis602ind/m3;therearethreepeaksofcyclopsinout-waterandthemaximumvalueis370ind/m3;andtherearethreepeaksofnaupliusinout-waterandthemaximumvalueis139ind/m3.Theabundanceofrotifersandcyclopsinthecarbonlayerwillinfluencetheoneinout-water.Themicrobialbiomassoncarbonandthetotalbacterialcountinwaterwillincreasewithfilterspeedincreasing,andthisleadstoincreasedriskofwatermicrobes.Whenthefilterspeedincreasesfrom8m/hupto10m/h,themicrobialbiomassoncarbonchangesmostsignificantlyandincreased3.0×106CFU/g.Theriskofoutbreaksandrevealofmicroorganismsandinvertebrateswillbereducedsignificantly,whenthefilterspeedis8m/h.Inbiologicalactivatedcarbonprocess,itwillleadtoturbidityofout-waterfrombiologicalactivatedcarbonprocessslightlyincreasingthatimprovethebackwashingstrength.Attheendofafiltercycle,themicrobialbiomassofout-waterfrombiologicalactivatedcarbonprocesswithdifferentbackwashingstrengthhavenodifference.Whenthereversewashingintensityis6.6L/m2·s,thepeakofrotifersintheout-wateris610ind/m3，yetWhenthebackwashingintensityis16.0L/m2·s,thepeakofrotifersintheout-wateris130ind/m3，andthisindicatesimprovingthereversewashintensitycanreducethedensityofinvertebratessuchasrotifers,cyclopsandnaupliusintheout-water.Besides,increasingthebackwashingstrengthcangreatlyreducethecyclopsabundanceintheactivatedcarbonfilterlayer.Inaddition,therotifers哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-IV-abundanceinthecarbonlayerwillirregularlyappearspeak,andthepeakofrotiferswillincreasewiththebackwashingbeingincreasing.Forbiologicalactivatedcarbonprocess,extendingfiltercyclecanreducethemicrobialbiomassinout-water.Forsixdaysfiltercycle,thereisthelowestaveragemicrobialbiomassinout-water-25000CFU/mL.Shortingfiltercyclecansignificantlyreducetheinvertebrateabundanceintheactivatedcarbonlayerandout-water.Whenfiltercycleis1d,thepeakofinvertebratecanbeeffectivelyavoided.AdjustingtheoperationparametersbarelyinfluencesthepHinout-waterofbiologicalactivatedcarbonprocess.LoweringfilterspeedwillleadtoDOconsumptionincreases,andwhenthefilterspeedreducesto6m/hfrom8m/h,theDOconsumptionreduces1.0mg/L.Reducingfilterspeed,backwashingstrengthandextendingfiltercyclewillachievethatbiologicalactivatedcarbonprocesscanincreasetheremovalrateofCODMnandUV254.Keywords:biologicalcarbonprocess,biologicalhazards,parameteradjustment,controllingmeasure.哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-V-目录摘要...........................................................................................................................IABSTRACT...................................................................