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(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)Fewpeoplelikechangingtheirhabits,goodorbad.Whetheritissmoking,drinkingorovereating,they11._______“enjoying”themtoend.Oneverypacketofcigarettes(香烟)，peoplearewarnedagainstthe12._______ofsmoking:“Warning:CigaretteSmokingIsDangeroustoYourHealth.”13.________,millionsofthemstartsmokingorgoonsmoking.Why?Factsshowthatfamiliesandsurroundings(环境)playaveryimportantpartin14._______smokers.Allthosesmokerscomefromsmokingfamiliesorhavesmoking15.________orrelatives.FilmsandTVplaysalsoplayapart.People16._______their“heroes”onTVdrinkingalcohol(酒)or17._______cigarettes.“Heroes”seemtohear18.______,neitherkillingthemselvesnorkillingotherswithalcoholandcigarettes.19.________theyarenotafraidoftheharmofsmokinganddrinking,why20.________commonpeoplebeafraid?Thesimplewarningonthecigarettepacketdoesnotinfluence21._______habits.Evenstrongerwarnings,likeshowingpicturesofsmokerswhohavediedofcancer,don’tseemto22._______.Knowingandbelievingseemtobetwo23.________things.Ifsmokingisreallyas24.________asdoctorssay,itistimeforsmokerstothinkaboutitandtrytogiveit25._______!11.A.stopB.continueC.finish12.A.dangersB.excusesC.chances13.A.MoreoverB.AlsoC.However14.A.influencingB.explainingC.improving15.A.parentsB.brothersC.friends16.A.hearB.catchC.watch17.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmoke18A.somethingB.nothingC.anything19.A.IfB.WhenC.Because20.A.mightB.shallC.should21.A.smokerB.smoker’sC.smokers’22.A.makeB.workC.do23.A.differentB.pleasantC.similar24.A.harmB.harmfulC.moreharmful25.A.awayB.outC.up题材议论文话题身体健康词数203【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。吸烟喝酒危害健康，人们都知道，却很难改变固有的一些生活习惯，短文倡议人们及早认清其危害性，认真考虑，戒烟戒酒。11.B考查动词的词义辨析。根据上文，无论是吸烟,饮酒或暴饮暴食,他们_____享受他们到底。stop,finish意为“停止，结束”；continue意为“继续”。故选B。12.A考查名词的词义辨析。根据句意，在香烟的包装盒上，人们被警告注意吸烟的_________。danger意为“危险”；excuse意为“借口”；chance意为“机会”。故选A。13.C考查副词的用法。尽管烟盒上有提示，无数的人还是在开始或继续吸烟。两句之间为转折关系，故选C。14.A考查动词的词义辨析。根据句意，事实表明家庭和环境在影响吸烟者中发挥了重要作用。故选A。15.C考查名词的词义辨析。根据句意，所有那些吸烟者来自于吸烟的家庭，或拥有吸烟的朋友或亲戚。故选C。16.C考查动词的词义辨析。根据句意，人们在电视上观看….，故选C。17.B考查动词的用法。由上一句，watchsbdoingsth意为“观看某人在做某事”，空白处和drinking并列为动名词，故选B。18.B考查不定代词的用法。根据句意，英雄们好像什么都没有看见，既没有看见….也没有看见…，故选B。19.A考查连词的用法。根据句意，如果他们都不害怕吸烟喝酒的危害，那普通人为什么应该害怕呢？if意为“如果”，故选A。20.C考查情态动词的用法。见19小题解析，故选C。21.C考查动词的用法。影响的是众多吸烟者的习惯，用复数名词的所有格，故选C。22.B考查动词的用法。根据上下文，此处填work,意为“起作用；奏效”。故选B。23.A考查形容词词义的辨析。人们知道吸烟喝酒的危害，却不相信真的会危害到自己，所以说知道和相信是两件不同的事情。故选A。24.B考查形容词的用法。as……as…中间用形容词或副词的原级，意为“…和…一样”，harm为动词或名词；moreharmful为比较级，故选B。25.C考查副词的词义辨析。giveup意为“停止；放弃”，故选C。四、（2018·广西桂林）完形填空（每小题1分，共10分）阅读短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Therearemanybraveandtalentedpeoplewhoworkindifferentbranches(分科；分支)ofscience.Extreme（另类的）scientistsarepeoplewhoworkinverydifficultanddangerousplaces.Theydon'tworkina46allthetimelikeotherscientistsdo.Instead,theysearch47informationthatcanonlybegatheredthroughfirsthandexperiences.Thesescientistshavetoexploredeep,darkcaves,swimwithsharksoractasswan（天鹅）mothers.Thenumberofgreatwhitesharksintheworld48smallernow.Theyareoneof49animalsonEarth.Scientistsneedtofindouthowmanysharks50now.Sometimesscientistshavetogetveryclosetoashark.Theeasiestand5lwaytodothisisfrominsideasharkcage（笼子）.52，sometimessharksattack（袭击；攻击）thecage.Theyshakeit,andbendthebarswiththeirsharp53.Thetrumpeterswanisthelargestswanintheworld,butit54untilitnearlybecameendangeredbirds.Becauseofthis,parentsswans55youngerswanstomigratebefore.Scientistshavetoteachtheyoungerswanshowtodoit.Theyteachtheswanstofollowaplanewhichlookslikealeadswan.Extremescientistsarealwaystryingtodiscoversomethingnew.46.A.hospitalB.factoryC.labD.hotel47.A.forB.toC.ofD.at48.A.getB.isgettingC.wasgettingD.got49.A.dangerousB.moredangerousC.mostdangerousD.themostdangerous50.A.therewereB.arethereC.thereareD.werethere51.A.safestB.closestC.fartherD.faster52.A.LovelyB.UnlovelyC.LuckilyD.Unluckily53.AteethB.toothC.eyeD.eyes54.A.killsB.killedC.waskilledD.iskilled55.A.won'tteachB.havenevertaughtC.wouldn'tteachD.don'tteach体裁说明文话题科普知识词数232【主旨大意】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了靠一手经历进行研究的另类科学家：他们深入洞穴，躲进鲨鱼笼子里研究鲨鱼，如何保护天鹅等。46.C考查名词辨析。hospital医院；factory工厂；lab实验室；hotel宾馆。多数科学家经常在实验室工作，故选C。47.A考查介词。searchfor意为“搜寻；查找”，为固定搭配。48.B考查时态。根据now可知需用现在进行时，thenumberof意为“……的数量”，做主语时看做单数，故选B。49.D考查形容词比较等级。“oneof+形容词最高级+名词复数”意为“最……之一”。50.C考查宾语从句。句意：科学家们需用找出现在有多少条鲨鱼。根据now可知要用一般现在时，宾语从句要用陈述语序，故选C。51.A考查形容词辨析。safest“最安全的”；closest“最近的”；farther“更远的”；faster“更快的”。句意：做这件事最容易最安全的方式就是在一个鲨鱼笼子里。故选A。52.D考查副词。lovely“可爱的”；unlovely“不可爱的”；luckily“幸运的是”；unluckily“不幸的是”。结合下文，鲨鱼袭击笼子可知应选D。53.A考查名词辨析。根据常识可知，鲨鱼经常用利齿撕咬，故选A。54.C考查被动语态。主语为it，表示被动，意为“被杀害”。55.B考查动词时态。根据句中before可知应用现在完成时。（2018•四川泸州)B篇Aboywasonedaysittingonthestepsofadoor.Hehadastickinonehand.16intheotherhandalargepieceofbreadandbutter,whichsomebodyhadkindlygivehim.Whilehewaseatingitandsingingasonghappily,hesawapoorlittledogquietly17notfarfromhim.Hecalledouttoit,“Comehere,poordog!”Hearingthis,thedogwokeup,rosewithitsears18andwagged(摇摆)itstail.Seeingtheboyeating,itcamenearhim.Theboyheldouttoitpieceofhisbreadandbutter.AsthedogStretched(伸出)outitsheadtotakethe19，theboyquicklydrewbackhishandandhitit20onthenose.Thepoordogranaway,21loudly,whilethecruelboysat,laughingatthetrickhehaddone.Agentleman,whowaslookingfromawi