ch04内部控制和现金

TheBasisforBusinessDecisionsSixteenthEditionWilliamsHakaBettnerCarcelloCopyright©2012TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.2Chapter4InternalControlandCash3Theplanoforganizationandallrelatedmethodsandmeasuresadoptedbyabusinessinorderto:SafeguardassetsEnhanceaccuracyandreliabilityofaccountingrecordsDefinitionofInternalControl41.ControlEnvironmentControlEnvironmentInternalControlFramework51.ControlEnvironment2.RiskAssessmentRiskAssessmentControlEnvironmentInternalControlFramework61.ControlEnvironment2.RiskAssessment3.ControlProceduresControlProceduresRiskAssessmentControlEnvironmentInternalControlFramework71.ControlEnvironment2.RiskAssessment3.ControlProcedures4.MonitoringMonitoringControlProceduresRiskAssessmentControlEnvironmentInternalControlFramework8InternalControlFramework1.ControlEnvironment2.RiskAssessment3.ControlProcedures4.Monitoring5.InformationandCommunicationCommunicationMonitoringControlProceduresRiskAssessmentControlEnvironment9InternalControlProcedures•CompetentPersonnel•RotatingDuties•MandatoryVacations•SeparatingResponsibilitiesforRelatedOperations•SeparatingAccountingandAssetCustody•ProofsandSecurityMeasures10ControlOverCashManycompaniesneedseveralcashaccountstoaccountfordifferentcashcategoriesandfunds.Mostcompanieshavemultiplebankaccounts.Thetitleforeachbankaccountshouldbe:CashinBank—(NameofBank)Preventivecontrolsprotectcashfromtheftandmisuseofcash.Detectivecontrolsaredesignedtodetecttheftormisuseofcashandarealsopreventiveinnature.11Retailers’SourcesofCashCashReceiptsCASHIER’SDEPARTMENTACCOUNTINGDEPARTMENTRegisterrecordsMailReceiptsRemittanceadvices121ACCOUNTINGDEPARTMENTDepositticketBankCASHIER’SDEPARTMENTDepositreceiptRetailers’SourcesofCash13ControllingCashReceivedfromCashSales19Cash314200CashShortandOver800Torecordcashsalesandactualcashonhand.Sales315000CashsalesforMarch19totaled$3,150.00perthecashregistertape.Afterremovingthechangefund,only$3,142.00wasonhand.141.Cashcontrolsmustprovideassurancethatpaymentsaremadeforonlyauthorizedtransactions.2.Cashcontrolsshouldensurethatcashisusedefficiently.3.Avouchersystemprovidesassurancethatwhatisbeingpaidforwasproperlyordered,received,andbilledbythesupplier.InternalControlofCashPayments15Avouchersystemisasetofproceduresforauthorizingandrecordingliabilitiesandcashpayments.BasicFeaturesoftheVoucherSystem1316•Adisbursementsystemthatuseswire,phone,orcomputertotransfercash.•Regularpaymentssuchasthoseforhouse,car,andutilitiesarefrequentlymadebyEFT.EFTSystem17Usingabankminimizescurrencythatmustbekeptonhandandcontributessignificantlytogoodinternalcontrolovercash.Acompanycansafeguarditscashbyusingabankasadepositoryandasaclearinghouse.ControlFeatures--Banks18•Awrittenordersignedbythedepositordirectingthebanktopayaspecifiedsumofmoneytoadesignatedrecipient.•Threepartiestoacheckare:1.Maker/drawerissuesthecheck2.Bank/payeronwhichcheckisdrawn3.PayeetowhomcheckispayableWritingChecks19Asummaryreceivedfromthebankofallaccounttransactioniscalledastatementofaccount(bankstatement).20Abankreconciliationisalistingoftheitemsandamountsthatcausethecashbalancereportedinthebankstatementtodifferfromthebalanceofthecashaccountintheledger.21•Reconciliationisnecessarybecausethebalanceperbankandbalanceperbooksareseldominagreementduetotimelagsanderrors.•Reconciliationshouldbepreparedbyanemployeewhohasnootherresponsibilitiespertainingtocash.ReconcilingtheBankAccount22ReasonsforDifferencesBetweenDepositor’sRecordsandtheBankStatementDepositsintransitOutstandingchecksServicechargesCollectionsNot-sufficient-funds(NSF)checksErrors23StepsinaBankReconciliationAdddepositsnotrecordedbythebanktothebalanceaccordingtothebankstatement.Deductchecksoutstandingthathavebeenpaidbythebankfromthebalanceaccordingtothebankstatement.3.Comparebankcreditmemorandumstoentriesinthejournal.Addcreditmemorandumsthathavenotbeenrecordedtothebalanceaccordingtothedepositor’srecords.24StepsinaBankReconciliation4.Comparebankdebitmemorandumstoentriesrecordingcashpayments.5.Listanyerrorsdiscoveredduringtheprecedingsteps.Deductdebitmemorandumsthathavenotbeenrecordedfromthebalanceaccordingtothedepositor’srecords.25BANKBank’sbooksBeginningbalance$3,359.78Depositor’srecordsBeginningbalance$2,549.99PowerNetworkpreparestoreconcilethemonthlybankstatementasofJuly31,200626Adepositof$816.20didnotappearonthebankstatement.BANKBank’sbooksBeginningbalance$3,359.78Adddepositnotrecordedbybank816.20$4,175.98Depositor’srecordsBeginningbalance$2,549.9927BANKBank’sbooksBeginningbalance$3,359.78Adddepositnotrecordedbybank816.20$4,175.98Depositor’srecordsBeginningbalance$2,549.99Addnoteandinterestcollectedbybank408.00$2,957.99Thebankcollectedanoteintheamountof$400andtherelatedinterestof$8forPowerNetworking28Adepositof$637.02didnotappearonthebankstatement.Threechecksthatwerewrittenduringtheperioddidnotappearonthebankstatement:#812,$1,061;#878,$435.39,#883,$48.60.BANKBank’sbooksBeginningbalance$3,359.78Adddepositnotrecordedbybank816.20Deductoutstandingchecks:No.812$1,061.00No.878435.39No.88348.601,544.99$4,175.98Depositor’srecordsBeginningbala