propertyLaw财产法

BUSINESSSCHOOLLegalEnvironmentofBusinessThresholdLegalConcepts:PROPERTY2Property–relevantlegislationExamplesofNSWstatutesregulatingproperty+longtitles›SALEOFGOODSACT1923-AnActtocodifyandamendthelawrelatingtotheSaleofGoods.›CONVEYANCINGACT1919-AnActtoamendandconsolidatethelawofpropertyandtosimplifyandimprovethepracticeofconveyancing;andforsuchpurposestoamendcertainActsrelatingthereto.›REALPROPERTYACT1900-AnActtoconsolidatetheActsrelatingtothedeclarationoftitlestolandandthefacilitationofitstransfer.3Property–relevantlegislationExamplesofNSWstatutesregulatingproperty+longtitles›WILLS,PROBATEANDADMINISTRATIONACT1898-AnActtoconsolidateenactmentsrelatingtoWill,ProbateandAdministration›FAMILYPROVISIONACT1982-AnActtoamendthelawrelatingtotheassurancetothefamilyofadeceasedpersonandcertainotherpersonsofadequateprovisionfromtheestateofthedeceasedpersonandcertainotherproperty›TRUSTEEACT1898-AnActforconsolidatingEnactmentsrelatingtoTrustsandTrustees.4Property–relevantlegislationExamplesofNSWstatutesregulatingproperty+longtitles›RESIDENTIALTENANCIESACT1987-AnActrelatingtotherightsandobligationsoflandlordsandtenantsunderresidentialtenancyagreements;tomakeprovisionwithrespecttoexcessiverentincreasesandrents;toconferfunctionsontheConsumer,TraderandTenancyTribunalofNewSouthWaleswithrespecttolandlordsandtenants;…toamendtheConsumerClaimsTribunalsAct1974inrelationtorentalbondsclaims;andforotherpurposes.Propertyrights6Property–conceptsanddefinitions›‘property’canreferto–-rightsofownershipOR-objectsofownership›‘property’canbe–-realproperty/realtyOR-personalproperty7Property–conceptsanddefinitions›Realproperty›actioninremorarealaction›immovable›land,fixtures›PersonalProperty›actioninpersonamorapersonalaction›movables›goods/chattelsetc›tangibles/intangiblesRealproperty9RealProperty›realproperty=land+fixtures›whatisland?›Latinmaxim:cuisestsolumeiusestusqueadcoelumetadinferos›is‘land’thesurfaceandeverythingunderittothecentreoftheearthandeverythingaboveittotheheavens?Physicallimitsofland10›Physicallimitsof‘land’–thesubstratum›Landownerdoesnotown‘royalminerals’(goldandsilver)and›Crownlandgrantsusuallyreserverightsinminerals,petroleumetcunderthesurfacetotheCrown.Physicallimitsofland11›Physicallimitsof‘land’–theairspaceabovethesurface›Problemswithoverhangingbranches,signsandcranes,aerialphotographyetc›Howfardoesthelandowner’sinterestinlandextend?Realproperty:physicallimitsofland12BernsteinofLeigh(Baron)vSkyviews&GeneralLtd[1978]1QB479StudentcasepresentationTopic4Stratatitle13›Stratatitlelegislationcreatestitleinblocksofairspaceabovethesurfaceoftheland,makingitpossibletocreateseparateownershipofunitsinamulti-storeybuilding.›Thelegislationalsocreatesabodycorporate(consistingofthevariousowners)toownandcontrolcommonproperty.14RealProperty›realproperty=land+fixtures›whatisafixture?›Latinmaxim:quicquidplantatursolo,solocedit›doeseverythingthatisfixedtothelandbecomepartoftheland,e.g.buildingsandthingsfixedtobuildings?›whenisitimportanttoknowwhetherornotitisafixture?Fixtures15›Isitafixture?dependsontheintentionofthepersonwhoaffixedtheitemofpersonalpropertytotheland:AustralianProvincialAssuranceCoLtdvCoroneo(1938)38SR(NSW)700›Indeterminingintention,consider:-degreeofannexation-purposeofannexation-easeofremoval-damagecausedbyremoval.Realproperty:fixture?16NationalAustraliaBankLimitedvBlacker[2000]FCA1458(16October2000)StudentcasepresentationTopic4PersonalPropertyPersonalProperty-definitions›Personalproperty=anypropertythatisnotrealproperty›Includes:-chattelsreal-leaseholdinterest-chattelspersonal-chosesinpossession-chosesinaction18PersonalProperty-definitions›Whatispersonalproperty?-choseinpossession=tangibleitemofpersonalpropertyphysicalthingsegbooks,furniture,cars,jewellery-ownershipmaybe:-absolutei.e.arighttoownershipsuperiortoanyother-possessoryi.e.arighttoownershiparisingfrommerepossessionandsubjecttobeingoverriddenbytheabsoluteownerbutotherwisegoodtitle.19PersonalProperty20OwnershipvPossession›rightsoftheownervrightsofthepersoninpossession“possessionisnine-tenthsofthelaw”›rightstothingsfoundonanother’sproperty-ArmoryvDelamirie(1722)93ER664-NationalCrimeAuthorityvFlack(1998)86FCR16PersonalProperty-bailment›Abailmentiswhereoneperson(thebailee)takespossessionofthegoodsofanother(thebailor)butdoesnotassumeownership›Examplesinclude:-leavingyourcomputerwitharepairer-storingyourgoodsinawarehouse-leavingyourcarinacarpark-borrowingabookfromthelibrary.›Dutiesofabailee,ifnotspecifiedinacontract,include:-thedutytoretainpossessionofthegoodsduringthebailmentandtocareforthem-thedutytotakecareofthegoods-thedutynottomakeunauthoriseduseofthegoods-thedutytoreturnthegoodsuponexpirationofthebailment21PersonalProperty-definitions›Whatispersonalproperty?-choseinaction=intangiblepersonalpropertyrightexamples:debts,shares,patents,copyright,statutorylicences,negotiableinstrumentsetc(legal);andexamples:partner’sinterestinapartnership,righttoalegacyunderawill,aninterestinatrustestate(equitable)-rightsareclaimedorenforcedbytakinglegalactionnotbytakingphysicalpossession22I