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经济学人中文网赏析版2012年7月经济学人文章（双语对照）汇集[2012.06.16]Theetiquetteofbribery:贿亦有道.................................................1[2012.06.30]Asweetidea................................................................................6[2012.07.02]Storiesfromelsewhere来自他方的故事........................................9[2012.07.07]TheHiggsboson希格斯玻色子..................................................11[2012.07.07]Historyisneverjusthistory历史没那么简单...............................15[2012.07.07]A20-yearlesson20年一课........................................................17[2012.07.07]Inchingtowardsintegration朝着一体化缓慢爬行........................19[2012.07.07]Volkswagen德国大众征服全世界..............................................21[2012.07.07]Tuningout渐行渐远的短波收音机.............................................27[2012.07.07]Sexycontemporaryantiquities性感的当代文物...........................28[2012.07.10]AglimpseofmodernChina一窥现代中国...................................31[2012.07.14]Stealingsteel德国偷金属的窃贼................................................32[2012.07.14]Choicenotchance要自主选择不要听天由命................................34[2012.07.14]TheAmericaneconomyComebackkid美国经济东山再起............37[2012.07.14]Quantitativeeasing:QE,ornotQE?要不要量化宽松?.................41[2012.07.18]ThorvaldsenMuseum哥本哈根托瓦尔森博物馆...........................48[2012.07.19]Newfilm:TheDarkKnightRises《黑暗骑士崛起》..................55[2012.07.21]Thelongfight漫长的战斗..........................................................57[2012.07.21]RogerPayne罗杰•佩恩..............................................................60[2012.07.24]FloodsinBeijing北京大水.........................................................63[2012.07.27]HowtorememberKoxinga如何纪念国姓爷................................65[20120728]AlastairBurnet阿拉斯泰尔·伯内特.............................................68[2012.07.28]Teenagepregnancy少女怀孕|且不谈幼稚之事.........................70[2012.07.28]Militarytechnology军事科技.......................................................72[2012.07.28]Aliveandwell欣欣向荣.............................................................76经济学人中文网1[2012.06.16]Theetiquetteofbribery:贿亦有道【导读】：正如标题所言，见不得人的贿赂也有其自身的一套准则。本文将为你解密全球各地不同文化群体、不同国家中的贿赂潜规则。Theetiquetteofbribery贿亦有道Howtogreaseapalm行贿指南Corruptionhasitsownelaborateetiquette贿赂也有它自身一套复杂的准则Dec19th2006|fromtheprinteditionGIVEpeoplepoweranddiscretion,andwhethertheyaregrandviziersorborderguards,somewillusetheirpositiontoenrichthemselves.Theproblemcanbebigenoughtoholdbackacountry'sdevelopment.Onestudyhasshownthatbribesaccountfor8%ofthetotalcostofrunningabusinessinUganda.AnotherfoundthatcorruptionboostedthepriceofhospitalsuppliesinBuenosAiresby15%.PaulWolfowitz,theheadoftheWorldBank,isdevotingspecialeffortsduringhispresidencytheretoadriveagainstcorruption.一旦掌权并且拥有裁量自由，不管是伊斯兰的大维齐尔，还是戍边士兵，一些人就会利用职务之便谋取私利。这个问题可能严重到足以阻碍一个国家的发展。一项研究显示，在乌干达从商行贿花费占到总费用的8%。另一项研究表明，腐败将布宜诺斯艾利斯的医疗设备的费用推高了15%。现任世界银行行长保罗•沃尔福威茨（PaulWolfowitz）正竭力打击腐败。Formostpeopleintheworld,though,theworryisnotthatcorruptionmayslowdowntheircountry'sGDPgrowth.Itisthattheirdailylivesarepervadedbyendlesshassles,bigandsmall.Andforalltheevidencethatsomeculturessufferendemiccorruptionwhileothersarerelativelyclean,attitudestowardscorruption,andeventhelanguagedescribingbribery,isremarkablysimilararoundtheworld.不过对于世界上大多数人来说，他们担心的不是腐败问题可能会拉低国家GDP的增速，而是自己日常生活中会碰到的大大小小各种不便。有证据表明，相对其他的一些文化群体来说，困扰某些文化群体的腐败问题更为普遍；但全球各地对待腐败的态度甚至用来形容贿赂的语言都极其相似。Inatestamenttomostpeople'sbasicdecency,bribe-takersandbribe-payershavedevelopedanelaboratetheatreofdissimulation.Thisisnotjusttoavoiddetection.Evenincountrieswherecorruptionissocommonastobeunremarkableandunprosecutable—andevenwhenthetransactionhappensfarfromsnoopingeyes—abribeisalmostalwaysdressedupassomeotherkindofexchange.Thoughmostoftheworldisplaguedbycorruption,evenserialoffenderstrytoconcealit.受贿者与行贿者已经形成了一套复杂的掩饰方法，这也证明了大多数人都为人正派这一事实。这不仅仅是为了避免事情暴露。即便是在那些腐败横行的国家，以至于腐败已经稀松平常、不会遭到起诉，就算是贿赂远离监管者的视线，人们在行贿的时候几乎都会假装在进行另外一种交易。尽管全球大部分地区饱受腐败困扰，但那些经常行贿的人仍然试图掩饰这一行为。Onemanifestationofthisislinguistic.Surprisinglyfewpeoplesay:“Youaregoingtohavetopaymeifyouwanttogetthatdone.”Instead,theyuseawidevarietyofeuphemisms.Onetypeisquasi-officialterminology.Thefirstbribepaidbyyourcorrespondent,inUkrainein1998,wenttotwopolicemensotheywouldlethimboardatrainleavingthecountry.Onthetraininto经济学人中文网2Ukraine,thecustomsofficerhadabscondedwithaformthatisneededagainlatertoleavethecountry.Thepolicemenatthestationkindlyexplainedthattherewasashtraf,a“fine”thatcouldbepaidinsteadofproducingthedocument.Thepolicemenlethimoffwiththeminimumshtrafof50hryvnia($25).Anothertermwidelyusedatbordercrossingsis“expeditingfee”.Foraeuphemismitissurprisinglyaccurate:payingitwillkeepyourbags,andperhapsyourcontraband,frombeingdumpedontoafloorandsiftedthroughataleisurelypace.(Arelatedterm,usedinIndia,is“speedmoney”:payingitcangetessentialbusinesspermitsissuedconsiderablyfaster.)这些掩饰行为的表现之一便是行贿语言。奇怪的是，很少有人会有说：“要想搞定那件事，你得给我送钱！”相反，他们使用各种各样委婉的说法。一种是准官方的术语。笔者第一次行贿是在1998年的乌克兰，当时把钱送给了两个警察，这样笔者便能登上离开乌克兰的火车。而在开往乌克兰的火车上，海关官员还窃取了一个表格，日后离开这个国家的时候还用得上它。而车站的警察会很友善地解释，如果拿不出文档，就需要支付一笔名为shtraf（罚款）的费用。警察只收了最低