内容提要1内容提要公司治理结构是现代企业制度中最重要的组织框架,其内容主要包括外部公司治理机制及内部公司治理机制两个层次。我国公司治理存在诸如国有股一股独大所引起的股东大会、董事会、监事会形同虚设和“内部人控制”等问题,笔者认为,我国内部控制治理中的内部控制不完善是其关键所在。内部控制从最初的内部牵制到现在被人们普遍接受的内部控制整体框架,已经经历了很长的历史阶段,其研究内容包括会计、审计、以及管理等方面,虽然已突破了传统会计控制的范围,但主要还是对一般员工和中层员工以及物资资源的管理控制,对高层管理人员的控制(即治理层面的内部控制)并没有纳入整个控制体系。从理论上说,公司治理结构是促使内部控制有效运行、保证内部控制功能发挥的前提,是实行内部控制的制度环境,而内部控制在公司治理结构中担当的是内部管理监控系统的角色,两者的发展是同步的。本文试图将从内部控制角度出发的公司治理和治理层面上的内部控制两者结合起来研究探讨,试图通过完善治理层面上的内部控制来解决我国公司治理层面存在的诸如“内部人控制”等问题。本文共分五个部分。第一部分:公司治理结构概述。首先从国内外许多学者对公司治理的理解出发,陈述了笔者对公司治理的理解,然后指出我国公司治理存在诸如“内部人控制”等问题,并对其进行了原因分析,指出我国内部控制存在众多问题是监控不力所致的,最后指出解决途径是要加强我国内部控制建设。第二部分:内部控制基本理论。首先回顾了内部控制的四个发展阶段代表性定义,在作了一定分析的基础上,笔者将内部控制分为经营层面上的内部控制和治理层面上的内部控制,并点明本文只探讨治理层面上的内部控制,最后陈述了内部控制三大原则。第二部分:公司治理与内部控制的关系。主要从六个方面陈述了两者的关系,指出公司治理与内部控制相互影响、具有共同载体、目标一致、同源、发展方向一致以及两者都以人为本。第四部分:我国内部控制发展现状及完善方向。首先指出我国内部控制的内容提要2发展现状就是过多的注重合规性经营目标,而忽视了经营效率目标,其研究范围只包括经营层面上的内部控制,却很少涉及治理层面上的内部控制。最后提出内部控制的完善方向是应将其置于公司治理层面上来研究,治理层面上的内部控制才是内部控制的本质所在。第五部分:完善治理层面上的内部控制,解决我国公司治理问题。本章是本文观点的集中阐述,即从股东和董事会两个层面来完善治理层面上的内部控制,从而解决我国公司治理问题。具体而言,在股东层面上减少我国国有股比例,多个股东持股,在董事会层面考虑董事长与总经理分设、建立各委员会、建立独立董事等措施,以求最终解决我国公司治理存在的诸如“内部人控制”等问题。关键词:内部控制公司治理结构股东大会董事会经营层ABSTRACT1ABSTRACTThestructureofenterprisemanagementisthemostimportantframeoforganization,anditmainlycontainstwolevelstheeternalandinternalsystemofenterprise.Therearesomeproblemsinthemanagementofourcompaniessuchastheexistenceofonebigsharecausestheconventionofshareholders,boardofdirectors,boardofsupervisorstobeuselessaswellastheproblemsof“innerpersoncontrol”.Andtheauthorconsidersthatthekeypointliesintheincompletenessofinnercontrol.Thetheoryofinnercontrolhasexperiencedalonghistoryfromtieduptheorytowholeframetheorywhichiswidelyaccepted,anditmainlydiscussesonaccounting,auditing,andmanagement.Althoughithasbrokentherangeoftraditionalaccountingcontrol,itstillmainlyaimsatthecontrolofcommonclerksandmediumclerksaswellasmaterialresource,andthecontrolofhighermanager,whichisnotcontainedinthewholecontrolsystem.Fromthetheory,theenterprisemanagementstructureisthepreconditiontomakeinnercontrolmoveeffectivelyandensuretherealizationoftheinnercontrolfunction,andalsoisaninstitutionalcircumstancetotakeinnercontrol,andinnercontrolplaystheroleofmanagementsupervisorinthestructureofenterprisemanagementandtheydeveloptogether.Thisarticletriestocombineenterprisemanagementinviewofinnercontrolandinnercontrolbasedonmanagementleveltogethertodosomediscussion,andtiestodealwithsomeproblemsonthemanagementlevelLike“innerpersoncontrol”byperfectingtheinnercontrolonmanagementlevel.Thepaperisdividedinto5chapters.Thefirstpart:presentationofstructureofenterpriseadministration.Atfirstfromthecomprehensionofscholarsaroundtheworldtoenterpriseadministrationtheory,ittellsthecommentsoftheauthor,thenpointsoutthequestionslike“innerpersoncontrol”andanalyzesthereasons,andshowsthatalltheproblemsarecausedbytheweaknessofsupervisorypower.AtlastitpointsoutthewayistoreinforceABSTRACT2innercontrol.Thesecondpart:basictheoryofinnercontrol.Firstlyitrepeatsthetypicaldefinitionsinthefourperiodsofinnercontrol.Andbasedonthisanalysis,itpointsouttheauthor’sdefinitiontoinnercontrol,whichsplitstheinnercontrolintomanagementlevelandadministrationlevel.Intheenditlaysoutthreeprincipalsofinnercontrol.Thethirdpart:therelationshipbetweenenterpriseadministrationandinnercontrol.Itdiscussesmainlyfromsixaspectsandpointsouttheyarerelativeandhavingthesamemedia,objective,source,anddirectionofdevelopment,alsobothofthemareconnectingpeople.Thefourthpart:thepresentsituationandthedirectionofdevelopment.Atfistitpointsoutthecurrentstatusistherearetoomanytargetswhichfocusonstandardmanagement,whileneglectingeffectiveobjectives.Therangeofthisresearchonlyincludesinnercontrolonmanagementlevel,andseldomconcernsabouttheinnercontrolonadministrationlevel.Atlastitpointsoutthedirectionofdevelopmentshouldbefocusedonmanagementlevel,whichistakenastheessenceofinnercontrol.Thefifthpart:perfectinginnercontrolonmanagementlevel,andresolvingproblemsofoperatingenterprises.Thispartistheconcentrationoftheopinionsinthisarticle,justlikedevelopinginnercontrolonadministrationlevelfromshareholdersandtheboardofdirectorsinordertodealwiththeproblemsofoperatingcompanies.Indetail,weshouldtrytominimizethepercentofstate-ownedshareandincreasethenumberofshareholdersonshareholders’class,toconsidertheseparationofdirectorandusualmanager,establishthecommitteeandindependentdirectorondirectors’classtosettletheproblemlike“innerpersoncontrol”inourenterprisemanagement.KeyWords:InnerControl,EnterprisesManagement,ConventionofShareholders,BoardofDirector,OperatingLevel目录1目录第一部分公司治理结构概述······················································1一、涵义····························································································1二、我国公司治理结构存在的问题······················································2三、原因分析·····················································································3四、解决途径——加强内部控制建设··················································6第二部分内部控制基本理论······················································7一、内部控制的理论