XXXX美国总统经济报告

1chapter1TORESCUE,REBALANCE,ANDREBUILDtransmittedtothecongressfebruary2010togetherwiththeannualreportofthecouncilofeconomicadviserseconomicreportofthepresidentForsalebytheSuperintendentofDocuments,U.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeInternet:bookstore.gpo.govPhone:tollfree(866)512-1800;DCarea(202)512-1800Fax:[phone]Mail:StopIDCC,Washington,DC20402-0001ISBN978-0-16-084824-7transmittedtothecongressfebruary2010togetherwiththeannualreportofthecouncilofeconomicadvisersunitedstatesgovernmentprintingofficewashington:2010economicreportofthepresidentiiiCONteNtSeCONOMICRePORtOFtHePReSIDeNt...........................................1ANNUALRePORtOFtHeCOUNCILOFeCONOMICADVISeRS*11CHAPteR1.tOReSCUe,ReBALANCe,ANDReBUILD..............25CHAPteR2.ReSCUINGtHeeCONOMYFROMtHeGReAtReCeSSION........................................................................39CHAPteR3CRISISANDReCOVeRYINtHeWORLDeCONOMY........................................................................81CHAPteR4.SAVINGANDINVeStMeNt.......................................113CHAPteR5.ADDReSSINGtHeLONG-RUNFISCALCHALLeNGe.....................................................................137CHAPteR6.BUILDINGASAFeRFINANCIALSYSteM..............159CHAPteR7.ReFORMINGHeALtHCARe......................................181CHAPteR8.StReNGtHeNINGtHeAMeRICANLABORFORCe.................................................................................213CHAPteR9.tRANSFORMINGtHeeNeRGYSeCtORANDADDReSSINGCLIMAteCHANGe............................235CHAPteR10.FOSteRINGPRODUCtIVItYGROWtHtHROUGHINNOVAtIONANDtRADe.................259ReFeReNCeS...............................................................................................285APPeNDIXA.RePORttOtHePReSIDeNtONtHeACtIVItIeSOFtHeCOUNCILOFeCONOMICADVISeRSDURING2009......................305APPeNDIXB.StAtIStICALtABLeSReLAtINGtOINCOMe,eMPLOYMeNt,ANDPRODUCtION.......................319____________*ForadetailedtableofcontentsoftheCouncil’sReport,seepage15.PageeconomicreportofthepresidenteconomicReportofthePresident|3economicreportofthepresidenttotheCongressoftheUnitedStates:Aswebeginanewyear,theAmericanpeoplearestillexperiencingtheeffectsofarecessionasdeepandpainfulasanywehaveknowningenerations.travelingacrossthiscountry,Ihavemetcountlessmenandwomenwhohavelostjobsthesepasttwoyears.Ihavemetsmallbusinessownersstrugglingtopayforhealthcarefortheirworkers;seniorsunabletoaffordprescriptions;parentsworriedaboutpayingthebillsandsavingfortheirchildren’sfutureandtheirownretirement.Andtheeffectsofthisrecessioncomeintheaftermathofadecadeofdecliningeconomicsecurityforthemiddleclassandthosewhoaspiretoit.Atthesametime,overthepasttwoyears,wehavealsoseenreasonforhope:theresilienceoftheAmericanpeoplewhohaveheldfast—eveninthefaceofhardship—toanunrelentingfaithinthepromiseofourcountry.ItisthatdeterminationthathashelpedtheAmericanpeopleovercomedifficultperiodsinourNation’shistory.Anditisthispersever-ancethatremainsourgreatstrengthtoday.Afterall,ourworkersareasproductiveasever.Americanbusinessesarestillleadersininnovation.Ourpotentialisstillunrivaled.OurtaskasaNation—andourmissionasanAdministration—istoharnessthatinnovativespirit,thatproductiveenergy,andthatpotentialinordertocreatejobs,raiseincomes,andfostereconomicgrowththatissustainedandbroadlyshared.It’snotenoughtomovetheeconomyfromrecessiontorecovery.Wemustrebuildtheeconomyonanewandstrongerfoundation.Icanreportthatoverthepastyear,thisworkhasbegun.Inthecomingyear,thisworkcontinues.Buttounderstandwherewemustgointhenextyearandbeyond,itisimportanttorememberwherewebeganoneyearago.4|economicReportofthePresidentLastJanuary,yearsofirresponsiblerisk-takinganddebt-fueledspeculation—uncheckedbysoundoversight—ledtothenear-collapseofourfinancialsystem.Wewerelosinganaverageof700,000jobseachmonth.Overthecourseofoneyear,$13trillionofAmericans’householdwealthhadevaporatedasstocks,pensions,andhomevaluesplummeted.Ourgrossdomesticproductwasfallingatthefastestrateinaquartercentury.theflowofcredit,vitaltothefunctioningofbusinesseslargeandsmall,hadgroundtoahalt.thefearamongeconomists,fromacrossthepoliticalspectrum,wasthatwecouldsinkintoasecondGreatDepression.Immediately,wetookaseriesofdifficultstepstopreventthatcatastropheforAmericanfamiliesandbusinesses.WeactedtogetlendingflowingagainsoordinaryAmericanscouldgetfinancingtobuyhomesandcars,togotocollege,andtostartbusinessesoftheirown;andsobusinesses,largeandsmall,couldaccessloanstomakepayroll,buyequip-ment,hireworkers,andexpand.Weenactedmeasurestostemthetideofforeclosuresinourhousingmarket,helpingresponsiblehomeownersstayintheirhomesandhelpingtostopthebroaderdeclineinhomevalues.toachievethis,andtopreventaneconomiccollapse,wewereforcedtouseauthorityenactedunderthepreviousAdministrationtoextendassistancetosomeoftheverybanksandfinancialinstitutionswhoseactionshadhelpedprecipitatetheturmoil.WealsotookstepstopreventthecollapseoftheAmericanautoindustry,whichfacedacrisispartlyofitsownmaking,topreventanotherroundofwidespreadjoblossesinanalreadyfragiletime.thesedecisionswerenotpopular,b