《联合国DAC成员的ICT开发融资报告》

FinancingICTsforDevelopmentEffortsofDACMembersReviewofRecentTrendsofODAanditsContributionAreInformationandCommunicationTechnologies(ICTs)transformingbusinessandsocialactivitiesinthedevelopingworld?Whoprovidesthefinancingforthistransformation:theprivatesector,civilsociety,publicsectorfundingorOfficialDevelopmentAssistance(ODA)?Aretheexistingfinancialmechanismsadequate?Thisreportwillsupplypolicy-orientedanalysisofdonorsupportforInformationandCommunicationTechnologiesforDevelopment,withparticularattentiontorecenttrendsinbilateralODAcommitmentsforICTinfrastructureaswellasotherICTassistance.Thisanalysisisillustratedwithanabundanceofstatisticalcharts,highlightsandannexes.ThestudyfurthermoreseekstoanalysetherationaleofthedonorsandotherstakeholderstowithdrawfromtheICTinfrastructuresupportinthe1990sandshifttointegratingICTcomponentsintodevelopmentassistanceprojectsandprogrammes.Newformsofmulti-donorpartnershipsareappearingnotonlyasajointfinancingmechanismbutalsoasaplatformforexchangeofexperiencesandlearningamongdonorinstitutions.OECDpublicationscanbepurchasedfromouronlinebookshop(TFFM)DevelopmentAssistanceCommittee(DAC)FinancingICTsforDevelopment–EffortsofDACMembersReviewofRecentTrendsofODAanditsContributionReporttotheUNTaskForceonFinancialMechanismsforICTforDevelopment(TFFM)TheviewsexpressedinthispaperarethoseoftheDACSecretariatandnotnecessarilythoseofDACMembers.ORGANISATIONFORECONOMICCO-OPERATIONANDDEVELOPMENTTheOECDisauniqueforumwherethegovernmentsof30democraciesworktogethertoaddresstheeconomic,socialandenvironmentalchallengesofglobalisation.TheOECDisalsoattheforefrontofeffortstounderstandandtohelpgovernmentsrespondtonewdevelopmentsandconcerns,suchascorporategovernance,theinformationeconomyandthechallengesofanageingpopulation.TheOrganisationprovidesasettingwheregovernmentscancomparepolicyexperiences,seekanswerstocommonproblems,identifygoodpracticeandworktoco-ordinatedomesticandinternationalpolicies.TheOECDmembercountriesare:Australia,Austria,Belgium,Canada,theCzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Japan,Korea,Luxembourg,Mexico,theNetherlands,NewZealand,Norway,Poland,Portugal,theSlovakRepublic,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Turkey,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.TheCommissionoftheEuropeanCommunitiestakespartintheworkoftheOECD.OECDPublishingdisseminateswidelytheresultsoftheOrganisation'sstatisticsgatheringandresearchoneconomic,socialandenvironmentalissues,aswellastheconventions,guidelinesandstandardsagreedbyitsmembers.InordertoachieveitsaimstheOECDhassetupanumberofspecialisedcommittees.OneoftheseistheDevelopmentAssistanceCommittee,whosemembershaveagreedtosecureanexpansionofaggregatevolumeofresourcesmadeavailabletodevelopingcountriesandtoimprovetheireffectiveness.Tothisend,membersperiodicallyreviewtogetherboththeamountandthenatureoftheircontributionstoaidprogrammes,bilateralandmultilateral,andconsulteachotheronallotherrelevantaspectsoftheirdevelopmentassistancepolicies.ThemembersoftheDevelopmentAssistanceCommitteeareAustralia,Austria,Belgium,Canada,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Ireland,Italy,Japan,Luxembourg,theNetherlands,NewZealand,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,theUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStatesandtheCommissionoftheEuropeanCommunities.AcknowledgementsWewouldliketothankICTexpertsandadviserswithinDACmemberagencieswhohaverespondedtothequestionnaireand/orprovidedinformationforthiswork.Collectionofinformation,analysisandpresentationwasprovidedbyMs.SusanneHesselbarth,developmentconsultant,Mr.BenoîtD’Ansembourg,ICTconsultantandMr.IchiroTambo,AdviseronScienceandTechnology,OECDDevelopmentCo-operationDirectorate.ThisprojectwasfundedjointlybytheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP)andJapanInternationalCooperationAgency(JICA).Anyc[e-mail].©OECD2005Permissiontoreproduceaportionofthisworkfornon-commercialpurposesorclassroomuseshouldbeobtainedthroughtheCentrefrançaisd’explotationdudroitdecopie(CFC),20,ruedesGrands-Augustins,75006Paris,France,tel.[phone],fax[phone],foreverycountryexcepttheUnitedStates.IntheUnitedStatespermissionshouldbeobtainedthroughtheCopyrightClearanceCenter,CustomerService,[phone],222RosewoodDrive,MA01923USA,orCCCOnline:é-Pascal,75775ParisCedex16,France.FOREWORDAsafollow-uptotheWorldSummitontheInformationSociety(WSIS)Geneva2003andleaduptoWSISTunis2005,theUNSecretaryGeneralaskedUNDPtofacilitatetheworkoftheTaskForceonFinancialMechanisms(TFFM).AccordingtotheWSISPlanofAction,theTFFMistoundertakeathoroughreviewoftheadequacyoftheexistingfi