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攀枝花学院本科课程设计（论文）X62W型万能铣床电气控制系统的PLC改造学生姓名：陈海军学生学号：200910601003院（系）：机械工程学院年级专业：09级机械设计制造及其自动化四班指导教师：张祺二〇一二年十二月I摘要铣床是以各类电动机为动力的传动装置与系统的对象以实现生产过程自动化的技术装置。电气系统是其中的主干部分，在国民经济各行业中的许多部门得到广泛应用。PLC是可编程控制器的简称，是一种数字运算操作的电子系统，它采用可编程序的储存器，用来在其内部存储执行逻辑运算、顺序控制、定时、计数和算术运算等操作的指令，并通过模拟的或数字的输入和输出接口，控制各种类型的机器设备或生产过程。在我国70~80年代大多数铣床中，大多数的开关量控制系统都是采用继电器控制，继电器本身固有的缺陷，给铣床的安全和经济运行带来了不利影响。随着科技进步，和PLC技术的成熟，所以对X62W万能铣床进行PLC改造势在必行，是提高机床性能，提升经济效益及产品质量的关键举措。关键词：X62W铣床；电气控制系统；PLC；梯形图IIAbstractVarioustypesofmillingmachineisamotor-drivengearinordertoachievetheobjectsandsystemsofproductionprocessautomationtechnicaldevices.Electricalsystemisoneofthebackbonepartofthenationaleconomyinthevariousindustriesarewidelyusedinmanysectors.PLCisaprogrammablecontrollerforshort,isadigitalcomputingoperationofelectricalsystem.Itusesprogrammablestoragedevicesusedinitsinternalmemoryimplementationofthelogicaloperations,sequentialcontrol,timing,countingandarithmeticoperationssuchasinstruction,andthroughanalogordigitalinputandoutputinterfacestocontrolvarioustypesofmachineryandequipmentorproductionprocess.70to80yearsinourcountrymostofthemillingmachine,mostoftheswitchvolumecontrolsystemsarebasedontherelaycontrol,relayinherentdefects,tothemillingmachinesafeandeconomicoperationhadanegativeimpact.Astechnologyadvances,andPLCtechnologymatures,sotheX62WuniversalmillingmachineisimperativeforthetransformationofPLCistoimprovemachineperformance,enhanceeconomicefficiencyandproductquality,thekeystep.Keywords：X62Wuniversalmillingmachine;Electricalcontrolsystem;ProgrammableLogicController;Terracedfigure目录摘要............................................................................................................................................IAbstract...................................................................................................................................II前言...........................................................................................................................................1第一章铣床简介.....................................................................................................................21.1铣床国内外研究状况和发展趋势............................................................................21.2铣床简单介绍............................................................................................................31.2.1铣床的选型及其适用范围.............................................................................31.2.2X62W万能铣床的特点.................................................................................3第二章X62W万能铣床的概述.............................................................................................42.1X62W万能铣床电力拖动的特点及控制要求........................................................42.2X62W万能铣床电器元件设备及参数....................................................................42.3X62W万能铣床的主要结构及运动形式................................................................5第三章PLC控制与电气控制的区别......................................................................................73.1PLC的基本特点.........................................................................................................73.2PLC控制与电气控制的综合比较.............................................................................7第四章X62W万能铣床传统继电器的电气控制原理.........................................................94.1电气原理图................................................................................................................94.2主电路分析..............................................................................................................104.3控制电路分析..........................................................................................................114.3.1主轴电机M1的控制....................................................................................114.3.2进给电动机M2的控制................................................................................124.3.3冷却泵电动机及照明电路的控制...............................................................15第五章X62W万能铣床基于PLC改造的硬件设计..........................................................165.1改造设计中PLC的选型.........................................................................................165.1.1输入输出（I/O）点数的估算......................................................................165.1.2存储器容量的估算........................................................................................165.1.3控制功能的选择............................................................................................165.1.4安装与布线...................................................................................................175.2X62W万能铣床基于PLC控制电路的改造.........................................................195.3现场信号与PLC软继电器对照表（I/O地址分配表）......................................215.4整个PLC控制系统的抗干扰设计..........................................................................215.4.1安装场所的选择............................................................................................225.4.2电源干扰的抑制............................................................................................225.4.3完善接地系统......................