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1IEEE-IASDistinguishedLectureonElectromagneticCompatibilityinIndustrialEquipmentGiorgioSpiazzi-PaoloTentiDepartmentofElectronics&InformaticsUniversityofPadova-ITALY&C.R.E.I.VenVenetoConsortiumforResearchinIndustrialElectronicsPadova-ITALY2Outline1.IntroductiontoEuropeanDirectiveonEMC2.High-frequencyemissionstandards&casestudies3.Originofhigh-frequencypollution&DesignprovisionstoreduceEMI4.Low-frequencyemissionstandards:definition&casestudies5.Originoflow-frequencypollution,definitionsandbasiccompensationtechniques6.PFCstructures7.Exampleofapplication(PFC)8.Immunitystandards&casestudies7FundamentalDefinitionsElectromagneticCompatibilityThecapabilityofelectricalandelectronicsystems,equipment,anddevicestooperateintheirintendedelectromagneticenvironmentwithinadefinedmarginofsafety,atthespecifiedlevelofperformance,withoutsufferingorcausingunacceptabledegradationasaresultofelectromagneticinterference8FundamentalDefinitionsElectromagneticInterference(EMI)EMIistheprocessbywhichdisturbingelectromagneticenergyistransmittedfromanelectricaldevicetoanotherviaradiationand/orconductingpathsIncommonterms,EMIrefersparticularlytoRFsignals,butitcanoccurinanyfrequencyrangestartingfromDC9EnvironmentalelectromagneticpollutionHigh-levelelectromagneticdisturbancescanpreventelectricalandelectronicdevicesfromoperatingproperlyAspectstobeconsidered•emissionofelectromagneticnoises,and•susceptibilitytoelectromagneticnoisesIntroduction11ExamplesofElectromagneticInterferenceInterferencetoTVandradioreceivers,e.g.:•Misbehaviorduetoignitionsystems(sparks)ofcars(self-compatibilitywiththeradioinstalledonboard)•TVdisturbancesduetohouseholdappliancesoperationLossofdataindigitalsystems,e.g.:•ResetofPC-basedcontrolsystemsduetoindustrialdisturbances•MisbehaviorofsecuritydoorsofbanksduetoelectrostaticdischargesMisbehaviorofmedicalelectronicequipment,e.g.:•Pacemakers13EMITransmissionPathsPossiblesourcesofambientnoiseandcouplingintoareceiver14SourceSourceReceiverReceiverChannelChannelInterferencecanbereducedactingon:•Source(layout,filtering,shielding)•Channel(layout)•Receiver(layout,filtering,shielding)EMIismoreconvenientlysuppressedatthesourcelevelinthedesignphaseEMITransmissionPaths18ElectromagneticenvironmentMainsourcesofelectromagneticnoises•RFwelders•Inductionheatingequipment•Industrial,ScientificandMedicalRF-basedequipment(ISM)•Telecommunicationtransmitters•Microwaveovens•Arcwelders•Powerelectronicsequipment•Automotiveignitionsystems•Fluorescentlamps•…….19ElectromagneticenvironmentRadiatednoiselevelsRF-basedequipment•Broadcastingtransmitters:hundredsofV/m•Cellulartelephones:from10to100V/m•RFwelders:tensofV/mNonRF-basedequipment•Powerelectronics(30-100MHz,at3meter):40-70dBµV/m•Automotiveignition(30-300MHz,at3meter):50-100dBµV/m•DigitalPCB(30-1000MHz,at3meter):40-80dBµV/m(fundamentalandharmonics)20ElectromagneticenvironmentConductednoiselevels(LISNmeasurement150kHz-30MHz)•Switchingpowerelectronics:80-120dBµV•DigitalPCB:40-80dBµV(fundamentalandharmonics)•Line-commutatedpowerelectronics:60-80dBµV•Dioderectifiers:40-70dBµV38EUDirectives“GlobalApproach-CEMarking”•TheCEmarkingsymbolizestheproductconformitytoallEUDirectives,developedaccordingtothe“NewApproach”,whichapplytotheproductitself•TheCEmarkingmustbeaffixedtoallproductsputontheEuropeanmarket•TheCEmarkingmustbeaffixedbythemanufacturerorhisagentestablishedwithintheEU•TheCEmarkingsymbolizesthatthemanufacturerorhisagenthasundersignedanexplicitdeclarationofconformity•TheCEmarkingmustbeaffixedtotheproductsoastobevisible,legibleandpermanent40EMCDirective89/336TheEMCdirectiveappliestoallelectricalandelectronicappliances,installationandsystemsEssentialProtectionRequirementsa)everyequipmentmustbeconstructedsoastoensurethatanyelectromagneticdisturbanceitgeneratesallowsradioandtelecommunicationequipmentandotherapparatustofunctionasintendedb)everyequipmentmustbeconstructedwithinaninherentlevelofimmunitytoexternallygeneratedelectromagneticdisturbancesProductscomplyingwithEUharmonizedstandardsareinconformitywiththeessentialprotectionrequirementsofthe89/336/EECDirective47CategoriesofEuropeanStandards•BasicStandardsDefinebasicphenomenon-relatedrequirementsandtestingprocedures;donotcontainlimitvalues,eitherforemissionorimmunity,norassessmentcriteria•GenericStandardsSpecifytherequirementsfortheuseofproductsinspecificelectromagneticenvironments(e.g.,residentialorlightindustry,industrial)•ProductStandardsSpecifytherequirementsforcertainproductsorproductfamilies51HarmonizedStandardsforSpecificProductFamiliesFamiliesofproductsExamplesEmissionImmunityharmonicsvoltagefluct.RFdisturbancesallthephenomenahouseholdappliancesandsimilarcookingovensEN60555-2EN60555-3EN55014EN50082-1portabletoolsandsimilardish-washingmachinesEN61000-3-2EN61000-3-3air-conditioningequipmentITE:dataprocessingequipmentEN60555-2(*)EN60555-3(*)EN55022EN50082-1informationtechnologyequipmentofficemachinesEN61000-3-2(*)EN61000-3-3(*)EN55024telecommunicationequipmentISM:spectrumanalyzerEN61000-3-2(*)EN60555-3(*)EN55011EN50082-2industrial,scientificandmedi