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*300071WTO122**12121McMillan1986BagwellStaiger20001221p21*pwpt*t)1(t+=π)1(**t+=π),(ppwwppππ==),(/****ppppwwππ==pwpw)(pQQJJiJi=),(ppRRwJJJ=RJpw),()),(,(ppDppRpDDwJJiwJIJJiJi==QDppMwwp222)),,((−=πDQppEwwp111)),,((−=π)),,((***2pppEwwπ)),,((***1pppMwwπEMpw12=EpMw*2*1=),(*~ππpw)),,(()),,((~~~~***11pppMppEππ=ππ**/0/ddddppππ*/0/~~∂∂∂∂ppww)),,((~~ppwwpGπ)),,((~~***ppwwpGπ0/~∂∂pwG0/~*∂∂pwGSpSppww≥)),,((~~π,(([)),,(()),,((~~~~πρππpSpGpWpppp=])),~~Sppww−),(~pwpρρ=22ππ*0=+*****=+WWppλ0]//[]/[~∂∂=ππλddppw0]//[]/[****~∂∂=ππλddppwWpWwpλ),(*ππNN0*0**]/[]/[===dwdwddddππππ/)]//()/[(]/[*0*~ππππddpddpwdW∂∂−==)]/()[(λπ++/)]/~/()/[(]/[**0**ππππdpdddwdWp∂∂−==)]//()[(********πλ1)1)(1(***=−−WAWppA)/()1(λπλ+−=)/()/1(*******λπλ+−=0*]/[=dWddππ∞0**]/[=dWddπππ*/ddWπddW/*0=Wp0**=Wp),(*ππPOPO0=Wp0**=WpπWNWN0**=ppCWW0=W*pwWN*POCπ*1GrossmanHelpman199419953pi=12ip*itit*)1(iit+=π)1(**tii+=π),(ppwiiwiippππ==),(/****ppppwiiiiwiiππ==)(~πpwi),,,(2*1*21ππππππ=pwi~/),(),,,(~~~**2212*1**2ppEppppswiiiwwi=∑),(~**2ppEwjjj),(~**2ppEwiii2∑=pppppsppppwiwwiwwT~~~~~),,,(),,,(212*1**2212*1*.),(TpW),(~**ppWwiii0),(TpWT0),(~**ppWwiiipwiππ21≠ppwwp~~2211ππ==pwiT~≠pwi~/1ππ21=pp~~21~===GATTπcπNπcπNπc),(),()(πππππcccNcWW−=ΩπNπcπNΩΩπcπNΩ),(),()(πvππππNNcccWW−=)()]1/([),(ππθθθccvV−=)1,0(∈θVVVπcπNπcπPOπcπN),()(ππθccV≤Ωπc4π~cπNπ~cΩVπ~cΩVπPOθπPOπPOπ~cπ~cπPO1ΩVπ~c2GATT1994ΩVVΩπ~cπ~cΩVV,ΩΩVπPOπ~c3WTOWTO·A·B··1992MFN2pw~1pw~2220803112212127HoekmanandKostecki1995)WTOGATTWTOVΩπ~cWTO1301HoekmanandKostecki19958HoekmanandKostecki1995BhagwatiV),,(~1ππθccV−π~1c−Vπ~cπ~c9·A·B··1992199210Bhagwati,J.(1991):TheWorldTradingSystematRisk.PrenticeHall/HarvesterWheatsheaf.Bagwell,K.andR.W.Staiger,(1997):AnEconomicTheoryofGATT,NBERDiscussionPaperSeries6049.Bagwell,K.andR.W.Staiger(1999):MultilateralTradeNegotiations,BilateralOpportunismandTheRulesofGATT.NBERDiscussionPaperSeries7071.Bagwell,K.AndR.W.Staiger,(2000):GATT-Think.NBERDiscussionPaperSeries8005.Grossman,G.M.andE.Helpman(1994):ProtectionForSale,AmericanEconomicReview84,September.Grossman,G.M.andE.Helpman(1995):TradeWarsandTradeTalks,JournalofPoliticalEconomy103,August.Hoekman,B.M.andM.M.Kostecki(1995):ThePoliticalEconomyoftheWorldTradingSystemFromGATTtoWTO.OxfordUniversityPress.Jonnson,H.G.(1953):OptimumTariffsandRetaliation.ReprintedwithAmendmentsinInternationalTradeandEconomicGrowth.Cambridge:HarvardUniversity.Krugman,P.R.(1997):WhatShouldTradeNegotiatorsNegotiateabout?JournalofEconomicLiterature35,March.McMillan,J.(1986):GameTheoryinInternationalEconomics.HarwoodAcademicPublishers.Staiger,R.W.(1995):InternationalRulesandInstitutionsforTradePolicy,InG.GrossmanandK.Rogoff,eds.HandbookofInternationalEconomics,Vol.III.ElsevierScienceB.V..10