华中科技大学博士学位论文中国城市化与经济增长姓名:傅莹申请学位级别:博士专业:西方经济学指导教师:刘海云;卫平2011-06-02I华中科技大学博士学位论文摘要城市化是一个国家实现经济发展的必由之路,也是21世纪全球经济发展的主题。20世纪90年代以来,越来越多的经济学家认识到经济增长和城市化是相辅相成、互相作用的。90年代末,各个发展中国家都将实现城市化作为经济发展的昀为重要的目标之一。中国作为世界上人口昀多的发展中国家,未来的城市化发展将对全球的经济发展产生极为深远的影响。在这样的时代背景下,比较中外城市化的进程与轨迹、分析城市化对经济增长的影响机制以及讨论如何使城市化与经济增长协调发展具有十分重要的意义。本文在借鉴已有研究成果的基础上,采用历史研究与比较研究相结合、规范研究和实证研究相结合、定性研究与定量研究相结合的方法,较为系统、全面地分析了我国城市化与经济增长之间的关系,考察了在城市化进程中人口迁移、产业结构变动对经济增长的影响,探讨了促进城市化与经济增长协调发展的制度安排。本文的主要研究内容包括以下几个方面:第一,本文探讨了城市化与经济增长相互促进的机制,并根据我国城乡二元结构的特征以及我国城市化水平和城市规模差异显著的事实,构建了一个包含一个农村和两个不同类型城市的三地模型,考察技术水平、劳动生产率、人力资本积累、拥挤成本、政府补贴和城市差异等诸多因素对经济增长路径的影响。第二,本文总结了国际国内城市化的特点,并利用计量模型分析了城市化与经济增长的关系。实证分析发现,我国城市化水平和经济增长之间存在长期的、稳定的均衡关系,经济增长是城市化的格兰杰原因,而90年代以后的数据表明,城市化也是经济增长的格兰杰原因,二者具有双向互促关系。第三,本文对中国城市化进程中人口迁移状况趋势进行分析,探讨了中国城市化进程中人口迁移对经济增长的正向和负向作用。分析发现,我国的人口迁移与城市化进程密切相关,人口迁移倾向于向规模更大的城市迁移,但近年来,二线城市的人口增长势头强劲,预示着人口迁移的新动向。大量人口迁入城市,为城市提供了大量的劳动力,缓解了城市劳动力供求矛盾,促进了城市产业结构的调整。然而,大量人口迁入城市,也增加了城市经济发展的管理成本和公共设施的负担。II华中科技大学博士学位论文第四,本文分析了城市化与产业结构变动相互关联的途径,并对城市化与产业结构的关系进行了动态计量分析。计量分析结果表明,城市化率与三次产业结构之间具有长期的、稳定的关系。在我国的城市化进程中,大量的农村剩余劳动力来到城市,推动了第二产业的发展,提高了第三产业的比重。城市化促进了产业结构调整、有利于实现产业优化,进而推动经济增长。昀后,本文在回顾中国城市化进程中不同时期的制度安排的基础上,分析了制度安排对我国城市化的“正向推进、逆向阻碍”作用以及对我国经济增长的影响,昀后提出了促进城市化与经济增长协调发展的政策建议。关键词:城市化经济增长人口迁移产业结构制度创新III华中科技大学博士学位论文AbstractUrbanizationhasbecomethethemeoftheglobaleconomicdevelopmentinthe21stcenturysinceacountrycannotaccelerateitseconomicdevelopmentwithouturbanization.Since1990s,anincreasingnumberofeconomistshavecometotheconsensusthaturbanizationaccelerateseconomicgrowthandeconomicgrowthfacilitatesurbanization.Attheendof1990s,developingcountriesbegantotakeachievingahighlevelofurbanizationasoneofthemostimportantgoalsintheprocessoftheireconomicdevelopment.FutureurbanzationlevelofChina,adevelopingcountrywiththelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld,willhaveaveryprofoundimpactontheglobaleconomicdevelopment.Underthiscircumstance,itisofsupremeimportancetomakeacomparisonbetweentheurbanizationprocessofChinaandthatofothercountries,analyzetheinfluencesystemofurbanizationoneconomicgrowthanddiscussthewaysofachievingaharmoniousrelationshipbetweentheurbanizationandthedevelopmentoftheeconomicgrowth.Basedontheformerresearchinurbanizationandtheeconomicgrowth,thisdissertationsystematicallyanalyzestheinherentrelationshipbetweenurbanizationandtheeconomicgrowthinourcountry,probesintotheimpactofmigrationflowsandindustrialstructureadjustmentontheeconomicgrowthanddiscussesthepossibleinstitutionalarrangementsthatwillpromoteaharmoniousrelationshipbetweenthedevelopmentofeconomicgrowthandtheurbanizationinChina.Thedissertationincludesthefollowingparts:First,thedissertationdiscussestheinteractionalsystemsbetweenurbaniztionandtheeconomicgrowthandconstructsatheoreticalmodelincludingaruralareaandtwocitiesofdifferenttypesbytakingintoconsiderationthedualurban-ruraleconomicstructureofChinaandthefactsthatcitiesinChinaareofsignificantdifferencesintheirurbanizaitonlevelsandsizes.Themodelstudiestheinfluencesofdifferentfactorsontheeconomicgrowthpath.Thefactorsdiscussedincludetechnology,productivity,humancapitalaccumulation,congestioncosts,governmentsubsidiesanddifferentcities.Second,thedissertationsummerizesthefeaturesofurbanizationworldwideanddomestically,andprobesintotherelationshipbetweenurbanizationandtheeconomicgrowthbyadoptinganempiricalanalysis.Accordingtotheempiricalstudy,thereisaIV华中科技大学博士学位论文long-termandstablerelationshipbetweenurbanizationandtheeconomicgrowthinourcountry.TheeconomicgrowthisapositiveGrangercauseforurbanizationshownbythedataof1978-2009,andurbanizationisalsoapositiveGrangercausefortheeconomicgrowthshownbythedataafter1990s.Inotherwords,therelationshipbetweenurbanizationandtheeconomicgrowthisinteractional.Thirdly,thisdissertationanalyzesthemigrationtrendsintheprocessofChineseurbanizationandprobesintothepositiveandnegativeimpactsthatmigrationflowshaveontheeconomicgrowthinChina.Thestudyconcludesthatthereisacloserelationshipbetweenmigrationflowsandtheprocessofurbanizationandpeopletendtomigratetocitiesofbiggersizes.However,anewmigrationtrendappearsinrecentyears,withmorepeoplemigratingtocomparativelysmallercities.Thatalargenumberofpeoplemigratetocitieshelpbalancethesupplyandthedemandoflaborforceandpromotethereadjustmentofindustrialstuctureincities.However,itincreasestheadministrativecostsintheprocessofurbaneconomicdevelopmentandimposesaheavyburdenonpublicinfrastructure.Fourthly,thisdissertationdiscussestheinterrelationshipbetweenurbanizationandindustrialstructureadjustmentbyadoptingthequantitativeanalysis.Thestudyresultsdemonstratethatthereisalong-termandstablerelationshipbetweenurbanizationlevelandtheindustrialstructure.IntheprocessofChineseurbanization,alargepartofrurallaborforcemigratestocities,promotesthedevelopmentofthesecondaryindustryandenhancestheproportionofthetertiaryindustry.Unbanizationhelpspomotetheeonomicgrowththroughthereadjustmentofindustrialstructureandtherealizationofindustrialoptimization.Finally,thedissertationstudiesthepositiveandthenegativeinfluencesofinstitutionalarrangementsontheurbanizationand