中国高校筹资问题研究

华中科技大学博士学位论文中国高校筹资问题研究姓名：储祖旺申请学位级别：博士专业：西方经济学指导教师：徐长生20061031I2090,“”II,,,,,IIIAbstractWiththeadvancementofhighereducationpopularization,thescaleofcolleges&universitiesincreasinglyexpands,andthesocietyholdshigherandhigherexpectationsforthem.Andaccordingly,thedevelopmentofcolleges&universitieswillencountermoreandmorecomplicatedchangesintermsofmanagement,andalsowillrelymoreandmoreonsupportsfromthewholesociety.Ofallthedifficulties,themostoverhangingisthatofraisingfundsforoperation.Thispaperprobesintotheissueoffundraisingforcolleges&universitiesinChina,basedontransformationalbackgroundofmarketization.Thetransformationofmarketeconomyistheimmediatecausethatleadstothereformoffundraisingmechanismforcolleges&universities.Inanenvironmentofconstantmarketization,asaready-supplierofpublichighereducation,colleges&universitiesparticipateinthecollocationofsocialresourcesbywayofmeetingthesocialdemands,andalsoobtainnecessaryfundsforoperation.Thefund-raisingchannelsarepartlyrestonthemarketaswellasonnon-market,i.e.thepublicfinancialfundsofthegovernment.Inthemiddleandlate1990s,therewasashortageinnationalfinancialsupportaftercolleges&universitiesinthewholeworldexperiencedexpansion.Scholarsallovertheworld,fromboththeoreticalandpracticalperspectives,hadresearchedonhowtoreformthepublicfundraisingsystemofhighereducationandonhowtoexpandthesourcechannels.Throughstudiesinthefieldsofcostsharingmechanism,directandindirectfinancingsfrommonetarymarketsandetc.theytriedtofindswaysandchannelstorelievethesituationofshortageoffund.Previousstudiesonthisissuebydomesticscholarsfocusedonmacroscopicstudiesoffundraisingofhighereducation,whilelittleattentionwaspaidbytheacademicsocietytothesignificantfunctionofmethodsandmanagementoffundraising,which,inmostcases,arestillmisunderstoodandwronglydefined.Thispaperconsistsofaseriesofstudieswithcolleges&universitiesasthemainobjects.Thefundraisingmechanismofhighereducationdiscussedinthispaperconsistsofthreeelements(fundraisingchannel,fundraisingmethod,andsocialenvironment).ThecoreideaofthispaperisthatDespitedifferentviewpoints,andwiththetransformationofmarket-orientedeconomicsystem,suchmarketfactorsasthecompetitionmechanism,efficiencyconcept,considerationsaboutconsumers’(includingstudents,employersetc.)desiresanddemands,etc.playamoreandmoreimportantroleinthehighereducationIVreform.Transformationofsocialsystemprovideshighereducationwithsystemguaranteefortheestablishmentofadiversified,competitive,andneed-orientedfundraisingmechanism.Inadditiontothatconditionsarematureenoughforhighereducationtochoosefromdifferentfundraisingmethodsontheirinitiatives,andthereforetoestablishdifferentmanagementmodelsfittingtodifferenttypesofcolleges&universities.Everyfundraisingchannelandmethodhasitstheoreticalbasis.Ofalltheoriesaddressedinthispaper,someeffectivelypromotegovernmenttotransformsocialeconomicalmanagementmodesoastoprovidesystemandlawsupportforhighereducationfundraising;someenhancethegovernment’senthusiasmtoinvestinhighereducationsomedeependifferentmarketsubjects’understandingofinvestmentandsupportstohighereducationandextendfundraisingchannels;othersoffernewperspectivesandmethodstoexpandfundraisingchannels,andtoachieveinnovationsinfundraisingmechanism.Comparedwithcolleges&universitiesindevelopedcountriessuchasAmericaandothers,thediversificationoffundraisinginChinaisstillatitsbeginningstagemostChinesecolleges&universitiesstillfailtoregardfundraisingstrategiesandtacticsastheeffectivemeasureswhichleadtothelackofinitiativesinfundraising,irrelevancetothedevelopmentofitsowncourseandcertainarbitrariness.Infaceofseversituationofshortageofhighereducationfunding,anyconventionalconceptandexperiencecan’thandledifficulty.Ifthegovernmentturnsadeafeartothedifficultiesandchallengesfacedwithhighereducation,worseproblemsandevencrisiswilloccur.Inthemarketeconomycircumstance,themostdirectwayisforthegovernmenttoincreaseitsinvestment,however,thegovernment’sfinancialforcehasitslimits.Moreimportantisthat,underthepremiseofincreasesinitsinvestment,thegovernmentshalltakeboldstepstoinitiatereasonablesystemarrangementandinnovation,whichmeansthatbesidestheimprovementofgovernmentalfundingmechanismandsystemoftuitionsettingfocusshallbeshiftedtoexploringnewfundingmechanismsforhighereducation,forexample,theinstitutionalizationandnormalizationofsystemsfordonationsbringingthefunctionsofpolicy-relatedbanksintofullplaypublicissuanceofhighereducationlottery,imposing“taxonhumanresourceemployment”,“taxongraduatesemployment”soastoconstantlybroadenthesourcechannelsforhighereducationfundingandtoboostupthetotalfunding.Ontopoftheaforementionedthegovernmentshallgrantprivately-operatedcolleges&universitieswithproperfinancialsupportsinanattempttooptimizethefundingsystemenvironment,soastosupportthedevelopmentofprivately-operatedcolleges&universities.ThirdlythegovernmentshallVtakemeasurestopromotetheperfectionofruleandregulationsrelatedtofundraisingtocreateanon-formalsystemenvironmentforfundraisingandtoenablethemtoadoptmultiplefundingmethodstoraisefundsinasoundsystemenviro