保温材料在外墙外保温中全寿命周期经济评价

西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文保温材料在外墙外保温中全寿命周期经济评价专业：项目管理硕士生：闫静茹指导教师：刘炳南教授摘要当今社会，能源危机的问题困扰着世界各个国家，我国也面临着资源问题的巨大挑战，能源供给与需求之间的严重不均衡，使得节能问题成为了社会热点问题，受到政府和人民高度的关注。建筑节能是一项系统工程，需要政府支持以及先进的节能技术和节能材料来共同实现。建筑节能的关键是减少建筑在运营期间的能耗，目前随着我国不断加强建筑的保温措施、大力提倡运用节能技术和节能材料，建筑运营期间的能耗也有所减少，但这些措施通常又会造成建筑材料及其生产能耗的增加。建筑围护结构节能是建筑节能的关键部分，我国在大力推广围护结构节能材料运用的同时，也面临着保温材料投资成本较大的问题。本文运用全寿命周期理论，建立起保温材料在外墙外保温结构中的全寿命周期经济评价模型，并通过实际工程分析和计算建筑外墙外保温结构采用不同种保温材料后的全寿命周期成本，运用技术经济学理论进行方案比选，从而得出结论：建筑围护结构运用节能效果较好的保温材料不仅降低建筑运营能耗，同时也降低了建筑全寿命周期成本。本文重点在于对同一工程模拟运用不同种保温材料进行外墙外保温，假定在冬季采暖期，建筑采暖天数和室内温度均达到国家标准的前提下，通过计算各种保温材料的初始建造成本和运营维护成本，以相同的折现率和计算期得到保温材料的投资现值，投资现值较小并且在运营过程中冬季采暖耗煤量昀小的则认为在建筑全寿命周期内方案较优。需要说明的一点是，保温材料在外墙外保温中的全寿命周期包括初始建造阶段、运营维护阶段和拆除阶段，在本文的计算中，认为达到建筑寿命的保温材料没有回收价值，所以拆除阶段的费用为零，不作考虑。本文的初衷在于从一个方面入手，证明运用节能效果较好的材料虽然增加了初始投资，但是在运营过程中节省了资源的消耗，在建筑全寿命周期内，投资现西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文值也是减小的，所以应该倡导节能材料的运用，既可以减少能源消耗，又可以减少投资，得到良好的社会效益和经济效益。关键词：保温材料；外墙外保温；全寿命周期成本；经济评价西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文ALife-cycleEconomicEvaluationontheEnergy-savingMaterialsofExternalwallinsulationstructureSpecialty：ProjectManagementName：YANJingruInstructor：LIUBingnanAbstractNowadays,theproblemoftheenergycrisisplaguingthevariouscountriesoftheworld,Chinaisalsofacinghugechallengesbetweenenergysupplyanddemandseriousimbalances.Theenergysavingproblemhasbecomeahotsocialissues,whichreceivewidespreadattention.Buildingenergyefficiencyisasystematicproject,whichneedgovernmentsupportandadvancedenergy-savingtechnologiesandmaterials.Thekeyofbuildingenergyconservationistoreducebuildingenergyconsumptionduringoperation.Atpresent,buildingenergyconsumptionwillbegraduallyreducedwiththeuseofmeasurestostrengthenbuildinginsulation,energy-savingtechnologiesandequipment,butthesemeasurescausetheconstructionmaterialsandtheproductionofenergyincrease.TheEnergy-savingofbuildingenclosureisthekeypartofbuilding’senergy-saving.Whileourcountryvigorouslypromotestheapplicationofenergy-savingmaterialonthebuildingenclosure,wealsofacetheproblemofhighercostoftheenergy-savingmaterials.Thispaperestablishedthelife-cycleeconomicevaluationmodelonthebuildingenclosurebythetheoryoflife-cycleeconomicevaluationandanalysisaswellascalculatethelife-cyclecostafterusingenergy-savingmaterialonthebuildingenclosurethroughtheactualengineering,thusdrawstheconclusion:theuseofenergy-savingmaterialsonbuildingenclosurecannotonlyreducethebuildingenergyconsumption,butalsoreducethelife-cyclecostoftheconstruction.Thisarticlefocusesonthesameengineeringsimulationusingdifferentkindofheatinsulatingmaterialforexternalthermalinsulation.Itisassumedthatinthewinterheatingperiod,aprerequisitebuildingheatingdaysandtheindoortemperaturereached西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文thenationalstandard,throughcalculatingtheconstructioncostandmaintenancecostofinsulationmaterials,andusingthesamediscountrateandcomputationperiodgettheNPVofinsulationmaterials.WebelievethattheschemeofNPVsmallerandintheprocessofoperationwinterheatingcoalconsumptionminimalisthebestinbuildingthelifecycle.Thesignificanceofthispaperisthatdespiteusingagoodenergy-savingeffectmaterialsincreasestheinitialinvestment,butintheprocessofoperationsavestheconsumptionofresources,inbuildingthelifecycle,theinvestmentvalueisalsoreduced,soitshouldbeadvocatedtotheuseenergy-savingmaterials,whichcannotonlyreduceenergyconsumption,butalsoreducetheinvestmentandobtainagoodsocialandeconomicbenefits.Keywords:Energy-savingmaterials;Externalwallinsulationstructure;LifeCyclecost;EconomicEvaluation西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文I目录1绪论...............................................................I1.1研究背景.......................................................11.2研究目的和意义.................................................11.3国内外研究现状.................................................21.3.1国内外研究现状.............................................21.3.2国内研究现状...............................................31.4研究方法和内容.................................................41.4.1研究内容...................................................41.4.2研究方法...................................................41.4.3研究思路...................................................41.4.4创新点.....................................................52建筑节能...........................................................62.1建筑节能.......................................................72.2建筑节能的发展现状.............................................72.3围护结构定义及作用.............................................72.4外墙保温在建筑节能中的作用和意义...............................82.5保温材料与外墙保温的关系.......................................93理论综述..........................................................103.1全寿命周期理论................................................103.1.1全寿命周期理论对于建筑节能的意义..........................103.1.2全寿命周期阶段划分........................................113.1.3建设项目全寿命周期成本管理................................123.2建设项目全寿命周期成本........................................133.2.1初始造价的投资估算........................................143.2.2运营维护的投资估算........................................153.2.3节能降耗费用的识别估算....................................153.3技术经济学相关理论............................................16西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文II3.3.1选取技术经济指标..