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西亚非洲编辑部版权所有!:*刘!!云!!!20世纪80年代末以来,由于计划经济体制的低效率国际石油价格波动的冲击国际社会制裁的损害,利比亚经济长期处于衰退之中,经济危机引起了政府的合法性危机在此背景下,利比亚进行了广泛经济改革改革的主要内容涉及经济体制的私有化和自由化,并使政府职能由石油收入的分配者向市场经济的调节者转变;同时,大力引进外资以推动石油工业的发展利比亚经济改革取得了令人瞩目的成就,但也存在各种各样的问题和困难!非洲经济!利比亚!经济改革!私有化!刘云,浙江师范大学非洲研究院教授(金华!321004)*!,∀;,,,#,,:(),,1978,200;;,2080,,1984,,,2070,,80,,,43*∀#2009(09JZD0039):∃∃∃,200912,45~51RonaldBruceStJohn,%TheChangingLibyanEconomy:CausesandConsequences&,MiddleEastJournal,Volume62,No1,Winter2008∀,2080,,,2070,,,,(),,,198065%,95%2080,,19861980225198115719801985,19861980(2000)46051,1987261391980~1987-76%,1982-2004%,1986-1135%,1987-147%#,2080,,,,,∋1982,82,(%&,%&70%,,,,1987,),,,,,()1992~1999,,-196%,758317690705∗19981986,70+,,25%703302001140,,,44!西亚非洲!2011年第1期∀#∋()∗+,DirVandewalle,AHistoryofModernLibya,Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2006,p153:ThePoliticalEconomyofEconomicReformPoliciesinLibya(1987-1993)&,PhDDissertation,BostonUniversity,1995,pp134-141EIU,CountryReport:Libya,3rdQuarter,1983,p15MiddleEastEconomicDigest(MEED),14March1987,p17:,20066,28,,9∀,,,,,,,,,199310,,,2090,,():1988,,:,;,;,19937,#1994,,2090,,90,,,∋;;1999,,20021,,,51%,,50%(200310,,20057350020058,4%2001200545利比亚经济改革:背景进程与效果!∀#∋(EIU,CountryReport:Libya,3rdQuarter1997,p15MiddleEastEconomicDigest(MEED),18September1992,p13DirVandewalle,opcit,p173Ibid,p185,,,,,(),1988,%&(Tashrukiya),19884,,1990,,,19926,,,;19929,;1993,,19941,,,19935,,,,,2090,1997,,,2090,,∀1999,2003,6,,,200311,:360(),261,,;,5,,20066,,36066;2004,,#,,20057,,,46!西亚非洲!2011年第1期∀#::,200912,63~67RonaldBruceStJohn,%−LibyaIsNotIraq.:PreemptiveStrikes,WMD,andDiplomacy&,TheMiddleEastJournal,Vol58,No3,Summer2004,pp396-400,,20063,,,∀()20,,,,(EPSA),200420048,,20044,2005129,1511(Verenex)(Sonatrach),20051,;20068,;20076,,,,,,,2003~2005,2004~200520075,,9,(BP)30#,,,1511;,2411,,,,,()2001(2000)30409,-434%;200230028,-125%2003,33932,13%;2003~2007838%,20082009,338%176%47利比亚经济改革:背景进程与效果!∀#WilliamWallis,%Libya.sReformistPMisOusted&,FinancialTimes,March6,2006RoulaKhalafandThomasCatan,%BPandLibyainTalksoverGasProject&,FinancialTimes,January6,2006,,2002011%,20070126%,20090138%∀20,20021,1382,200311397,200511608,20081175#,200322%,200441%,200646%,,,20%(),,,2002,2002,,,,,20067,,,,%&,∋,%,&(,,;,,2007116,13%&,155,,%&,,,,,,,,(责任编辑:詹世明!责任校对:樊小红)48!西亚非洲!2011年第1期∀#∋(::ConnotationsandOriginsZhaoKerenpp29-36!!GiantStoneCultureisanimportantcomponentofEgyptianCivilizationandthecrystallizationofwisdomofAncientEgyptians.Itsconnotationslieintheembodimentofmonarchpowerandthemanifestationofsupernaturalpower,whichconsistsofancientEgyptians.thoughtofcontinuationoflifeandpursuingofeternity.Meanwhile,theGiantStonearchitecturerevealsnationalaestheticdetailsandplaysvitalsocialroleinunitingitspeoples.Originatingfromthelocalrockyphysiognomy,affluentagriculturaleconomy,andEgyptians.primitivethinkingandreligiousbeliefs,theGiantStonecultureaccumulatestheconnotationsofanumberofdisciplinesofancientEgyptian,includingpolitics,economy,religion,aestheticsandsociology.AsaworldculturalheritagebyAncientEgyptfortheworld,itholdsanimportantpositionintheevolutionofhumanhistory.EconomicReformsinLibya:Background,ProcessandEffectsLiuYunpp43-48!!Sincethelate1980s,duetothelowefficiencyofplannedeconomicsystem,theshockofinternationaloilpricefluctuations,andthelossesfrominternationalsanctions,Libya.seconomyhasbeenatlowebbforalongtime.Economiccrisisevenleadstolegitimacycrisisofthegovernmen.tUnderthesecircumstances,Libyastarteditsextensiveeconomicreforms,whichincludestheprivatizationandliberalizationoftheeconomicsystem,transitionofthegovernmentfunctionsfromanoilrevenuedistributortoamarketeconomyadjuster,andenormousabsorptionofforeigncapitalstoboostoilindustry.Despiteremarkableachievements,economicreformsinLibyastillfacevariousproblemsanddifficulties.IdeologicalBackgroundtotheConstitutionalismRevolutioninIranWangZezhuang&ChangHaihuapp60-66!!Theconstitutionalismrevolutionintheearly20thcenturyIranwasnotonlythepoliticalmovementthatexertedprofoundinfluencesonModernhistoryofIran,butalsothehistoricalclimaxofanearlyone-century-longideologicalandculturalEnlightenmen.tTherevolutionoriginatedfrompenetrationofWesterneducation,theearlyeducationalreform,literaturereform,therisingofmediaandpress,thespreadofWesterndemocraticandconstitutionalismtheoriesandothergreatchangesinculturalideologicalaspects.Thesechangesinsocialthoughtsproducedfar-reachinginfluencesonIran.smodernhistory.80!WESTASIAANDAFRICA!No.1,2011