搜索
Unit7Owner’sEquityLearningObjectivesThemainpurposeofthisunitistogiveyoumoreknowledgeaboutowner’sequity.Afterlearningthisunit,youshouldbeableto:1.Identifythethreeformsofbusinessorganizations.2.Describewhatthepartnershipis.3.Outlinetheadvantagesofcorporations.4.Explainwhytheformofcorporationisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.5.Describethetwopartsofowner’sequityinthewesterncountries.6.Knowthebasicpartsoftheowner’sequityinChina.7.Masterthemainaccountingtermsrelatedtotheformsofbusinessorganizationsandowner’sequity.LeadInLilywantstobuysomesharesofIBMstock.HereisadialoguebetweenherandJim.L:Ihavesomesparemoneyinmyaccount.AndIwanttobuysomestocksofIBM.J:Oh,goodidea!Nowadaysthebenefitofthestockisrising.L:IfIbuy$1,000,000,howmuchbenefitwillIgain?J:Itishardtosay.Itdependsonhowthecorporationworks.L:Isee.Iwillthinkaboutit.Afterreadingthisdialogue,discussthesequestionswithyourpartner：1.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutthefamousenterprise—IBM?Howdoesitraisefund？2.IfyouareLily,whatwillyoudo?7.1FormsofBusinessOrganizationsIntheUnitedStates,andalsoinChina,mostbusinessenterprisesareorganizedinthefollowingforms:soleproprietorships,partnershipsorcorporations.SoleProprietorshipsThesoleproprietorshipsareorganizationswhichareownedonlybyoneperson.Thisformisadoptedbymanysmallcompanies.Inthefinancialstatementsofsuchcompanies,theowner’sequityisreportedas“theequityofthecompany’sowner”.PartnershipsThepartnershipsareformedbymorethanoneowner,maybefromtwotofifty.Everyownerputsinproperamountofmoneyorsomeotherformsofassetsaccordingtothenegotiatedproportion.Iftheenterpriseisunabletopayoffitsdebt,eachownershouldpayfortheretainedtothecreditors,nomatterwhatproportionhehas.CorporationsAcorporationisaseparateentity.It’sindependentoftheownersandorganizedbylaw.Usually,acorporationhasitsownassetsandliabilities.Ittakesresponsibilityforitsownprofitsandlosses.Thedebttheshareholdershouldberesponsibleforwillbenomorethanthemoneyhehasputin.Thisiscalledthelimitedpersonalliabilities.Thereisotherimportantreasonwhybusinessfavorscorporateforms.Itisthetransferabilityofownership.Thesharesofstockcanbetransferredfromoneinvestortoanother.Youcanchangeyourinvestmentintocashmoreeasily.Nowadaysmoreandmoreenterprisesadoptthisformoforganization.Activity：Discussthefollowingquestionwithyourpartner.Giveexamplesofeachkindofenterprises.7.2ThePartsofOwner’sEquityintheBalanceSheetOwner’sequityrepresentstheclaimsofownerstothebusiness’assets.However,forthecreditors’claimshavelegalprioritiesovertheowner’sclaim,theowner’sequityisactualonlyaresidualamount.Thatistosay,thecompanyshouldfirstfullysatisfythecreditors’claims.Andsoinamount,owner’sequityisequaltototalassetsminustotalliabilities.Inwesterncountries,theowner’sequityinthebalancesheetcontainstwoparts:thepaid-incapitalandtheretainedearnings.Thepaid-incapitalistheamountcontributedbyinvestors.Theyinvestinordertoexchangeforexcessofpriceandparvalue(面值).Sometimes,thereisanotheraccount,additionalpaid-incapital.Thishappenswhenthecorporationreceivesmoremoneythantheparvalue.Theexcessisrecorded.Theretainedearningsaretheincreaseinowner’sequityarisingfromprofitableoperations.InChina,therearefoursectionsintheowner’sequity:paid-incapital,capitalsurplus,revenuesurplus,andundistributedprofits.Paid-incapitalistheowner’soriginalinvestment.Itisnotonlyfrompersonalinvestor,butalsofromgovernmentandotherenterprises.Capitalsurplusreferstosomeextranonoperatingtransactions,suchasreceivingdonatedcapitalandrevaluationreserves.Revenuesurpluscomesfromnetincome.Bylawit’srequiredtotake10%to15%ofthenetincomeforspecificuses.Andthelastpartistheundistributedprofits.Theyarisefromthecorporation’sprofitableoperatingactivities.Inordertoexplaintheowner’sequityclearly,wetaketheGlobalCompany’sstockholders’equityasanexample.Figure7-1GlobalCompany’sOwner’sEquityPaid-incapital150,000Capitalsurplus45,000Revenuesurplus40,000Undistributedprofits4,000Totalowner’sequity239,000Activity：Discussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartner.What’syouropinionofthedifferenceofowner’sequitybetweenwesternaccountingsystemandChinesesystem?Notes&Grammar1.Thesoleproprietorshipsareorganizationswhichareownedonlybyoneperson.个人独资企业是由个人出资、拥有的机构。独资企业是最简单的一种公司组织形式，一般涉及的业务不太多，其核算也比较简单，公司的所有收益全部归个人所有。在我国，大多数情况下，独资公司的所有者也是其经营者。2．Thedebttheshareholdershouldberesponsibleforwillbenomorethanthemoneyhehasputin.Thisiscalledthelimitedpersonalliabilities.每个出资者以他们的出资额为限对公司债务承担责任。这被称作“有限责任制”。在公司制下每个出资者对公司债务的承担数仅限于他的原始投资。3．However,forthecreditors’claimshavelegalprioritiesovertheowner’sclaim,theowner’sequityisactualonlyaresidualamount.然而，与所有者权益相比，债权人的索偿权在法律上具有优先地位（在所有者权益之前首先得以兑现），所以，所有者权益上实际反应的只是一个剩余数。这里同时揭示了所有者权益在数值上表现为总资产减总负债的原因。however，在这里作副词，意思是“但是，然而”，表转折关系，注意要用逗号隔开。havepriorityover，表示的意思是“优先于”,注意这里介词应用over。4.Sometimes,thereisanotheraccount,additionalpaidincapital.Thishappenswhenthecorporationreceivesmoremoneythantheparvalue.有时候还会有另外一个账户——股本溢价账户，当企业发行的股票价格高于面值时，差价便计入该账户中。它也是所有者权益的一部分。5．Capitalsurplusreferstosomeextranonoperatingtransactions,forexample,receivingdonatedcapitalandrevaluationreserves.资本公积涉及的是一些非经营性业务，比如，企业接受外来捐赠资产或现金，资产的重估增值项