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:2005-09-27:,,:[,200433]:;;;:,,,,,,:F0911343:A:1671-7511(2005)06-0040-07,,(RonaldCoase),,,,,,--,2002-,,(planner),,,,04,:()firm??[1],,,,firm,firm,,(Dou2glassNorth),,,,,;,[2],[3],:,(),firm(firm)()()(,,),,firmtheory,,,,,,,()?,,(LudwigWittgenstein)?:,:,:,:,[4],,,,,,!,,14:,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,()?:,,,,,,(KarlPopper)(ImreLakatos),(ThomasS.Kuhn)(MichaelPolanyi),,20!?,:,,,,,??,,,()??,?24()(LudwigvonMises)(MurrayN.Rothbard),,,Thebasicprinciplesofeconomicsarenotempiricalbutapriori(Mises,1960,EPE,I.2.1.):Asthinkingandactingmen,wegrasptheconceptofaction.Ingraspingthisconceptwesimultaneouslygraspthecloselycorrelatedconceptsofvalue,wealth,exchange,price,andcost.Theyareallnecessarilyimpliedintheconceptofaction,andtogetherwiththemtheconceptsofvalu2ing,scaleofvalueandimportance,scarcityandabundance,advantageanddisadvantage,success,profit,andloss.Thelogicalunfoldingofalltheseconceptsandcategoriesinsystematicderivationfromthefundamentalcategoryofactionandthedemonstrationofthenecessaryre2lationsamongthemconstitutesthefirsttaskofourscience.,:,praxeology,,,,,,nuisance,(epistemology,),,,(FrankH.Knight)[5]socialcosts(40!),,,,,nuisance,,,(LudwigvonMises),:,,,[],,[6],,,,,34:1924,,(,:,,,!,),(CecilA.Pigou)(1920)(RonaldCoase)196040,:,(Knight,1935),,(Coase,1998)(),,,,,nuisance?,,(CarlMenger)1871,(EugenvonBhm-Bawerk)(FriedrichvonWieser),,(LudwigvonMis2es)(HansMey2er)(FriedrichA.vonHayek,)(GottfriedHaberler)(FritzMachlup)(OskarMorgenstern)-(PaulN.Rosentein-Rodan),,,206070,,,(Hayek,1967)[7][8],206070,IsraelKirzner(),MurrayN.Rothbard(),E.Streissller,LudwigLachmann,L.B.Yeager,GeraldP.ODriscoll,MarioJ.Rizzo,RogerW.Garrison,2090,(Kirzner,1991)[9](Machlup,1982)[10],8:(1),;(2),,;(3),;(4),;(5),,;(6),,;(7);(8),8,,44(),8,,,3,,,8,1,2,,[11],,,[12]?,,?,,,,-,,,(),,,,,,,?,:transactioncosts,costs,,,,(transactioncosts)(costs)?,,,?167168:,[13],54:,(1998,12):,,,,(subjectivist),,,(MichaelPolanyi),,(AlfredN.Whiteheadprehension,,,),!,,,()(),,(CheungÄsTrans2formedMashallianTheoryofCosts),,:,?:828,,2005827,,,:[1]Coase,Ronald,TheNewInstitutionalEconomics,Ameri2canEconomicReview,1994,vol.88,no.2,pp.[2].():[M].:,2002.[3].[M].:.2003.[4],,.[M].:,2005.[5]Knight,Frank,H.,TheEthicsofCompetitionandOtherEs2says[M].London:Allen&Unwin.1935.[6]Mises,Ludwigvon.EpistemologicalProblemsofEconomics[M].translatedbyGeorgeReisman.Princeton,N.J.:VanNostrand.1960.[7]Hayek,F.A.StudiesinPhilosophy,PoliticsandEco2nomics,London:Routledge&KeganPaul.1967.[8].[M]..:.[9]Kirzner,I.M..AustrianSchoolofEconomics[J].TheNewPalgrave:ADictionaryofEconomics,vol.1,London:Macmillan.1991.[10]Machlup,Frank,AustrianEconomics[A].inDou2glas,Greenwald(ed.),EncyclopediaofEconomics[C].NewYork:McGraw-Hill.1982.[11].[J].,2005,(4).[12].[M].:,1998.[13].():[M].:,2002./64()conceptionwhichMarcuseinterpretedfromtheperspectiveofrationalexistentialism.Hisinterpretationexplainsthebasiccontentofthenewconceptionandtoacertaindegreepointsoutthekeydefectsofrationalexistentialism.However,becausethisnewconceptionlacksanontologicalexplanationandexamination,itstillconfinesitselftorationalexistentialism.HorkheimersCriticismofPositivismanditsOntologicalFoundationCHENBei2jieHorkheimerscriticismofthemetaphysicalnatureofpositivismistothepointandeffective.Hetriedtotranscendpos2itivismandthetraditionalmetaphysicsasthenatureofpositivismthroughtherevolutionaryhumanactivity.However,be2causeofhisfailureinanontologicalinterpretationoftheimportantconnotationsofhumanactivity,hiscriticismofposi2tivismwasconfinedtometaphysicsagain,whichreflectshisfateinhistory.A.SchmidtsConceptofNatureanditsOntologicalFoundationSUNDa2pengA.Schmidtcriticizedthetraditionalconceptofnatureandobtainedcertaintheoreticalachievements.Hetriedtocon2ceiveaconceptofnaturerelatedtosocietythroughacriticismoftheconceptofnatureofperceptualmaterialism.However,becausehisontologicalconceptpreventedhimfromarealunderstandingoftheconceptofpracticeofMarxism,hisconceptofnaturewasconfinedtometaphysicswithoutrealbreakthroughsinessence.Hisnatureandsocietyarealwaysmutuallyir2relevant.TheFutureDevelopmentoftheModelofEconomics:AnImpromptuTheoreticHypothesisWrittenforCelebratingthe70thBirthdayofProfessorZHANGWu2changWEISenTransactioncostisthecoreandbasicconceptofNewInstitutionalEconomics.SinceProfessorRonaldCoasebroughtupthisconcept,therehavebeenmanytheoreticalcontroversiesoveritsinterpretationanddefinitionamongtheeconomiccircles,especiallyamongthescholarsofNewInstitutionalEconomics.Ifthisproblemremainsunsettled,thewholemodelofeconomicanalysisoftransactioncostseemstobetotallyunpractical.ThecontroversiesovertheconceptoftransactioncostanditsfunctionsbyProfessorZhangWu2changandProfessorWeiSenhaverevealedthecomplexanddifficultyintheinstitutionalanalysisbyusingtheconceptoftransactioncost.ThroughareviewofthesubjectiveepistemologyoftheAustri2anSchool,theauthorsupposesthatthefutureoftheeconomicmodeloftransactioncostmayrelyonthesubjectivetheoryofcostbytheAustrianSchool.OntheOutsourcingContractsintheInternationalBusinessManagementandtheEstablishmentofBranchCompaniesSHIBen2zhi,DENGMingTheinternationalproduction