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新加坡地理经济文化英语介绍新加坡共和国RepublicofSingaporeSingapore,officiallytheRepublicofSingapore,isanislandcountrylocatedatthesoutherntipoftheMalayPeninsula.Itlies137kilometres(85mi)northoftheequator,southoftheMalaysianstateofJohorandnorthofIndonesia'sRiauIslands.At707.1km2(273.0sqmi),Singaporeisoneoffourremainingtruecity-statesintheworld.ItisthesmallestnationinSoutheastAsia.PriortoEuropeansettlement,theislandnowknownasSingaporewasthesiteofaMalayfishingvillageatthemouthoftheSingaporeRiver.SeveralhundredindigenousOrangLautpeoplealsolivedalongthenearbycoast,riversandonsmallerislands.In1819theBritishEastIndiaCompanyestablishedatradingpostontheisland,whichwasusedthereafterasastrategictradingpostalongthespiceroute.[4]SingaporewouldbecomeoneofthemostimportantcommercialandmilitarycentresoftheBritishEmpire,andthehubofBritishpowerinSoutheastAsia.ThecitywasoccupiedbytheJapaneseduringWorldWarII,whichWinstonChurchillcalledBritain'sgreatestdefeat.[5]SingaporerevertedtoBritishruleimmediatelypostwar,in1945.Eighteenyearslaterthecity,havingachievedindependencefromBritain,mergedwithMalaya,SabahandSarawaktoformMalaysia.However,lessthantwoyearslateritsecededfromthefederationandbecameanindependentrepublicon9August1965.SingaporejoinedtheUnitedNationson21Septemberthatsameyear.ItisalsoamemberoftheCommonwealthofNations.Sinceindependence,Singapore'sstandardoflivinghasbeenontherise.Foreigndirectinvestmentandastate-leddrivetoindustrialisationbasedonplansdrawnupbytheDutcheconomistAlbertWinsemiushavecreatedamoderneconomyfocusedonelectronicsmanufacturing,petrochemicals,tourismandfinancialservicesalongsidetraditionalentrepôttrade.[citationneeded]Singaporeisthe5thwealthiestcountryintheworldintermsofGDP(PPP)percapita.[6]ThissmallnationhasforeignexchangereservesofmorethanUS$177billion.[7]ThepopulationofSingaporeisapproximately4.84million.[2]ThoughSingaporeishighlycosmopolitananddiverse,ethnicChineseformthemajorityofthepopulation.Englishistheadministrativelanguageofthecountry.TheConstitutionoftheRepublicofSingaporeestablishedthenation'spoliticalsystemasarepresentativedemocracy,whilethecountryisrecognisedasaparliamentaryrepublic.[8]ThePeople'sActionParty(PAP)dominatesthepoliticalprocessandhaswoncontrolofParliamentineveryelection.新加坡自然地理NatureGeography1位于东南亚，是马来西亚半岛最南端的一个热带城市岛国。面积为693平方公里，北隔柔佛海峡与马来西亚为邻，有长堤与马来西亚的新山相通，南隔新加坡海峡与印度尼西亚相望。SingaporephysicalgeographyislocatedatSoutheastAsia,isaPeninsularMalaysiamostsouthtipoftropicscityislandcountry.Theareais693squarekilometers,northseparatestheJohorechannelandMalaysiaistheneighbour,hasthecausewayandMalaysia'sJohoreisinterlinked,southseparatestheSingaporechannelandIndonesiafacesoneanother新加坡国名由来HowDidSingaporeGetItsName2加坡是一个城市国家，原意为“狮城”。据马来史籍记载，公元1150年左右，苏门答腊的室利佛逝王国王子盘那乘船到达此岛，看见一头猛兽，当地人告知为狮子，遂有“狮城”之称。新加坡是梵语“狮城”之谐音，由于当地居民受印度文化影响较深，喜欢用梵语作为地名。而狮子具有勇猛、雄健的特征，故以此作为地名是很自然的事。过去华侨多称其为“息辣”，即马来语“海峡”的意思，也有因其小而将之称为星洲、星岛的。图为新加坡的标志与象征——鱼尾狮塑像和“新加坡国父”---李光耀。Singaporeisacitystate,theoriginalintentionis“Singapore”.AccordingtoMalayathehistoricalrecordsrecord,about1150,Sumatra'sroomadvantageBuddhapassedkingdomprinceplatethattogobyboattoarriveatthisisland,sawabeastofprey,thenativetoinformforthelion,thenhad“Singapore”thename.SingaporeisPali“Singapore”theharmonics,becausethelocalresidentisbeendeeptheIndiancultureinfluence,likestakingthegeographicnamewithPali.Butthelionhas,thevigorouscharacteristicfiercely,thereforebythisachievementgeographicnameistheverynaturalmatter.InthepastoverseasChinesemulti-nameit“theSingapore”,namelyMalay“channel”meaning,alsohadbecauseofitsslightly,butwillbecalledSingapore,SingTao.ThechartmakesanidolforSingapore'ssymbolandthesymbolic--fishtaillionwith“theSingaporefather”---LeeKuanYew.面积Areameasurement：为693平方公里693squarekilometerst3首都Capital：新加坡（Singapore）独立日IndependenceDay：8月9日（1965年）官方语言officiallanguage：英语、汉语、马来语、泰米尔语English,Chinese,Malay,Tamillanguage行政用语：英语汉语（2006年起汉语也可作为政府行政语言）Administrativeterminology:EnglishChinese(in2006Chinesemayalsotakegovernmentadministrationlanguage国家格言：MajulahSingapura（前进吧，新加坡”Advance,Singapore国歌：MajulahSingapura前进吧，新加坡Advance,Singapore国语Nationallanguage：马来语Malay国花nationalflower：以一种名为卓锦·万代兰的胡姬花为国花。东南亚通称兰花为胡姬花。卓锦·万代兰是由卓锦女士培植而成，花朵清丽端庄、生命力特强，它象征新加坡人的气质和刻苦耐劳、果敢奋斗的精神。这种浅紫红色的美丽兰花有四个花瓣，象征各民族及英语、华语、马来语、泰米尔语4大语系。TakeonekindofnamedoutstandingbrocadethroughouttheagesblueHuJihuaasthenationalflower.SoutheastAsiagenerictermorchidisHuJihua.TheoutstandingbrocadeblueisthroughouttheagescultivatesbyMs.ZhuoJinbecomes,theflowerssimpleandbeautifulsolemn,thevitalityisextra-heavy,itsymbolizesSingaporeanperson'smakingsandendureshardships,thecourageousstrugglespirit.Thiskindofshallowpurplered'sbeautifulorchidhasfourflowerpetals,symbolizesvariousnationalitiesandEnglish,Chinese,Malay,theTamillanguage4biglanguagefamilies.政要Politicians4内阁资政李光耀，1965年新加坡独立后，长期担任总理，1990年11月辞去总理的职务，改任内阁资政。国务资政吴作栋(GohChokTong)，1990年11月至2004年8月任新加坡第二任总理。现任总理李显龙，2004年8月12日宣誓就职，成为新加坡第三任总理，12月当选新加坡人民行动党新一任秘书长，2006年5月再次当选新加坡总理，5月30日宣誓就职总统纳丹，于1999年8月18日当选为新加坡共和国总统，9月1日正式宣誓就职，2005年9月连任。MainpointsofadministrationPoliticianscabinetpresidentialpolitic