普华永道--财务管理最佳实践之应收管理

BestPracticeFinancialProcesses:AccountsReceivable2PwC175cAccountReceivable-BestPracticeObjectivesAccountsReceivableObjectivesOrganisationPeopleProcessesControlsMeasuresInformationSystemsToensurecustomerpaymentsarereceivedefficientlyandeffectivelyforgoods/servicesdelivered,withintheagreedtermsandconditionsTomanagecreditriskefficientlywithoutcreatingunnecessarydelaysinthesalescycleTomaintainacompleteandaccuratestatementofoutstandingdebtorsToprovidecompleteforecastinformationtoassistthemanagementofshort-termcashrequirementsCentralisedprocessingEconomiesofscaleCustomerfocusEstablishcreditlevelsIssuesalesorderIssueinvoiceMonitorcreditCollectcashProceduresmanualAuthorisationValidation/matchingCreditcontrolCostperinvoiceCreditnotespercentageCostperpaymentreceivedDaysdebtoutstandingIntegratedwithsalessystemAutomaticmatchingElectronicreceiptsCustomerrelationsLegalframeworkawarenessCreditmanagement3PwC175cAccountsReceivable-BestPracticeFeaturesProcessFeaturesFormalcreditchecksappliedtoallnewcustomerswithin24hoursusingcreditbureauMonitorcreditstatus/termsonregularbasisCustomeraccountmanagersprovidedwithuptodatecreditstatusTreasurypolicysetonlateandpromptpaymentsAuthoritylevelsclearlydefinedCreditpoliciesdefinedandagreedTermsandconditionsagreedwithcustomersConsolidatedperiodicinvoicingforhighfrequencyshipmentsBankremittancenoticesissuedwithsalesinvoicestofacilitatereconciliationSelfbillinginvoicesbyhighvolumecustomersConsideroutsourcingregularinvoice/paymentegutilitiesRegularreviewofinvoicequeriesandcreditnotesReconciliationofARbalancestoGLcontrolaccountsonaregularbasisCreditinsurancearrangementsevaluatedperiodicallyCustomeraccountmanagersresponsibleforsalesandcashcollectionConstantmonitoringofdebtordays,dailycollection,ageingofdebtCustomercontactrecordsmaintainedOutsourcecashcollectionwhereappropriateDetermineandreportoncredittargetsMonitoroverduedebtsandtakeactionwithinagreedpolicyEstablishcreditlevelsIssuesalesorderIssueinvoiceMonitorcredit/collectcashSalesorderspreparedusingpricingdatabasewithpricingprofilesforproductsandcustomersNoorderprocessedwithoutvalidcustomerPOreferenceDeliverynoteactsasinvoiceforlow-frequencyshippings4PwC175cAccountsReceivable-BestPracticeFeaturesEstablishcreditlevelsIssuesalesorderIssueinvoiceMonitorcredit/collectcashSystemFeaturesConsolidatedcreditpositionforgroupofcustomersSystemprovideson-linecustomerpaymenthistoryandtermsUseofworkflowsoftwaretomonitorprocessandhelpresolvequeriesStandardcreditcontrolreportsCommonSOPandARcustomerdatabaseInvoicesautomaticallygeneratedfromSOPandshipmentdataSelfbillinginvoicesautomaticallymatchedtocustomerordersMulticurrencyinvoicesAutomaticcommitmentandaccrualsAutomaticreconciliationfacilitiesbetweenintegratedSOPARandGLsystemsSOPlinkedtodebtorsledgertoensurecustomercreditlimitsnotexceededSalesdocumentssentviaEDIforallmajorcustomersIntegratedorder&billingsystemsavailableonline&hardcopyPaymentsreceivedelectronicallywherepossibleAutomaticmatchingofpaymentstoinvoicesOn-linediaryfacilitytomonitorcallsAutomaticflaggingandreportingofhighriskaccountsAutomaticdunninglettersissuedwithinagreedtradingtermsIntegratedsystemstofacilitatecustomerqueryhandlingForecastcashreceiptsavailablefortreasurypurposes5PwC175cAccountsReceivable-TrendsFromToSeparateARmodulePaymentbychequeComplex/variabletradingtermsManualmatchingPerformedbyFinancedepartmentIntegratedsystemsElectronicpaymentCommontradingtermsforallcustomersAutomaticmatchingSharedoroutsourcedservices6PwC175cAccountsReceivable-Measures/CostDrivers90percentileMedian10percentileNumberofcustomerpaymentreceivedperaccountsreceivableFTEperannum40,3005,500700orlessAccountsreceivablecostpersalesinvoiceprocessed10percentileMedian90percentile£1£3£18Median1day90percentile4days10percentile1dayDaystoprocessinvoice/creditnote(ie,timebetweenreceiptofinvoice/creditnoteandentryintotheaccountingsystem)CostdriversNumberofARreceiptsLevelofmultiplereceiptsUseofdirectdebiting/standingordersUseofelectricfundstransferLevelofcreditriskassociatedwithcustomerbaseVarietyinpaymenttermsDegreeofforeigncurrencyreceiptsLevelofcreditnotes7PwC175cBilling-Measures/CostDrivers90percentileMedian10percentileNumberofsalesinvoicesgeneratedperbillingFTEperannum90,00011,1001,600Billingcostpersalesinvoiceandcreditnoteprocessed10percentileMedian90percentile£1£2£22Median2days90percentile15days10percentile1dayDaysfromdespatchofgoodstopreparationofsalesinvoiceCostdriversNumberofinvoicesNumberofcustomersUseofEDIComplexityofservice/goodssuppliedVarietyintermsandconditionsComplexityofdiscountsDegreeofforeigncurrencyinvoicingNumberofcomplaintsAccuracy/levelofcreditnotes8PwC175cAccountsReceivable-Level0ContextDiagramAccountsReceivableGLPostingsGeneralLedgerCustomersBankManualInvoicesBillingSystemStandingDataCustomerServicesSystem9PwC175cAccountsReceivable-Level1OverviewCustomerStandingData,Bills&CreditNotesARStaffARsystemBillingsystemCustomerdetailsARdataimportproceduresInter