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:1000-8462(2000)06-0079-05(,200092):905,:Lowry;;;:;;;:F301.24;U12:A1(landuse-transportationmod2els)[1][2],,,,2,,,,,,5,:Lowry;(mathematicalprogramming);(input-outputframwork);;(micro-analysticsimula2tion)Putman:(DisaggregateResidentialAllocationModel,DRAM)(EmploymentAllocationModel,EMPAL)14(Putman,1994)7080Putman(intergatedtransportation-landusepackage),DRAMEMPALDRAMEMPALTRANPLANAnans-METROSIM(Anans,1994)7:[2],LeedsWilson(Wilson,1977,1981)(uni2versitycollege)MackettLeeds(Leedsintergatedlanduse-transportationmodellingpackage,LILT),(Mackett,1983,1991)EcheniqueMeplanBilbao[2](commonwealthscientificandindustrialresearchorganiza2tion,SIRO)TOPAZ(Brotchie,1969;Brotchie,DickeyandShape,1980;Shape,1978,1982)(TechniqueforOptimalplacementofactivitiesinzones,TOPAZ),TOPAZ(location-allocation)(object-orientedsustain)[2,3],1[3],:206200011ECONOMICGEOGRAPHYVol.20,No.6Nov.,2000:1999-11-21;:2000-10-12;,30,,;,1Fig.1Generalframeworkofland-useandtransportationsystemmodeling33.1Lowry[3-5]Lowry(1964)(modelofmetropolis)Lowry(),,();(activityratio,);,,:,,(activity-to-floorspaceratio),LOWRY5LowryPutman(DRAM)(EMPL)(putman,1983,1991)PutmanDRAM:Nni=6j(6kdknEkj)[Wnifn(cij)/6Wnifn(cij)],Nin:in;fn(cij):nij=crnije-ncij;Ejk:jk;akn:jkn;Win:iWni=(Luj)qn(1+xi)rn(Lri)sn7n{[1+(Nni/6nNni]bnx},Lui:i;xi:i;lri:i;qn,rn,sn:Putman:ERjt=a[6iPit-1ARit-1WRit-1f(cij)]+(1-)ERit-1,ERjt:jtR;Pit-1:it-1;WRit-1:t-1jR,WRit-1=(E3jt-1)kLkj;E3jt-1:t-1j;Lj:j;ARit-1:,ARit-1=1/[6jWRit-1f(cij)],(Integratedtransportationlandusepackage,ITLUP),DRAMEMPLUTPS,EMPLt,DRAM:t-1t;;0820,:,logit,ITLUP,,PSCOG,Watterson(1990)DRAMEMPLUTPS,,,2020,DRAMEMPL,2020,DRAMEMPL,UTPS2020,,30(1990-2020)(TCM)Lowry(),,,,,,Lowry,,[5]3.2(bid-rentfunction)(Herbert,stervern,1960),,logit(),:i=exp[(lnWj-cij)]Wj,cijWilson(1976)[4]:MaxZ(sij,Wj)=6ijsij(lnWj-cij),sij=Oi[Wjexp(-cij)/6jWjexp(-cij)]6jWj=W3(),sij,Oi,Wj,cij,(traveldistancedecayeffect);,01Kim[6](KimsChicagoareamodel,kim1989)Prastaco[3,7](projectiveoptimizationlandusesystem,POLIS)POLIS(multimodal)(agglomerationbene2fits)(locationsurplus):MaxZ(Tijm,Skij,Enj,Hi)=-16ijm[ln(1/Wi6mWijm)-1]-16ijmTijm[ln(Tijm)]-6ijmTijmCwijm-kkser(1/sk)6ijSijk[ln(Skij/wkj)-1]-6ijkSkijCkij+6i,nkbas(fni)Eni,Tijm:ijm;Skij:k;Cijm:m;wi:i;wkj:j;fni:i(agglomerationpotential);n:;Eni:nj;Hi:i;;();:;,;;,wi=Vi[1+Hi/(Hi+Vi)qi]Wkj=Li[1+Yj/(Yj+Lj)(Ekj/E3j)]gki,,qi:i,(housingafford2abilityindex);Lj:j;Hii;Vi:i;Yj:j;Ekj:jk;E3j:jk;gki=6i[Hi,i-1exp(-skCijk)],(propensity),t-1ifni:fni=EniEnco(Eni/Enco)(E3i/En3)(E3i/E3co)(E3co/E33)E3coEn3En=1,E1co,t=0+1E1co,t-1+2E13,t+4E4co,t,;co;3;n=4(nonba2sic-servicessector)Prastacos(1986)POLIS[7]9520,107:;SIC,,186:,TijmSkij,logitij,nPOLIS,[7](congestion-sen2sitive),,,,,,3.3Lowry,:Xmi=6jnXmnij+Ymi=6jnamnijXnj+Ymi,Xmi:im;Xmnij:jn,im;Ymi:im;,1m1n,amnij=Znmjexp(-Cmij)/6iexp(-Cmij),Znmj(),:Xmi=6jn[Znmjexp(-Cmij)/6iexp(-Cmij)]+YmilogitMEPLAN[3,8]Kim[6]MEPLANMEPLAN,(),,MEPLAN,(tradeflows)(),MEPLAN,:(goods)(),n:Tncj=Dnci+Qncj,Dnij=6amnjTmgi,m,n:;amnj:,jmn;DnijQncjjn(endogenousandexogenouscomponents);Tmgi:j,,:amnj=a3mnj+bexp[-mn(Tnpj)]:amnj:;Tnpj:j1n;:;b:logit:tnij=Tnci[exp(nVni)/6iexp(nVni)]Vni=Tnbi+dnij+Snj+Qnsi,tnij:ijn;n:n;Tnbi:in;Snj:i1n;Qnsi:in;dnij:ijMEPLANnTnpj:nj:Tnpj=6(tnij/Tncj)(Tnbi+nij)+Qnpj:nij:i1nj;Qnpj:j():n:Tnpj=Tnpj[6(tnij/Snj)](1/n):Tnpj:;SnjnTmbj=6namnjTnpj+Qmbj:Tmbj:j1m;Qmbj:1mMEPLANHunt(1993)(chains)[8](),,,,;MEPLAN28203.4,,,(),(CBD)(CBD)(bid-rentfunction),,,Mills(1967,1972),(),Anans(1984)Kim(1989)/Oppenhein(1995),()[3]KimKim(1989)MillsWilson(probabilistic)Boyce(transportationfacilitylocationmodel)Beckman,,,/(allocation)ir(marginalcost)ijkjr,[6]3.5,;,;,:,;,;,(),(simulatedchanges),,,(micro-analyticalsimu2lationoftransportation,employmentandresidence,MASTER)MackettMontecarlo[9],,MASTER,logit4,,LowryKim,,,,,,UTPS,,,,,(),Lowry,,,,,,,,,:[1]Anderson,W.P.,Kanargolou,P.S.andMiller,E.J.Integratedlanduseandtransportationmodelofenergyandenvironmentalanalysis:are2portondesignandimplementation[M].Dept.ofGeography,McMasterUniversity,Ontario,Canada.1994.(128)386:,,4.6,,,,,;,,(),,:[1].(1996)[M].:,1999.3-6.[2],.(1997)[M].:,1997.243-245,425-429.[3].(1992)[M].:,1992.401-403.ASTUDYONTOURISMRESOURCESEXPLOITATIONOFQINZHOUWEIShan-hao(DepartmentofGeography,QinzhouTeachersCollege,Qinzhou535000,Guangxi,China)Abstract:ItisrichintourismresourcesinQinzhouofGuangxi.Becauseofthisandthat,thedegreeofitsexploitationislow.HowaboutthetourismtradeofQinzhouonearth?Basedonitspresentsituationandonthespotinvestigation,thepresentpaperattemptstoillustratethesitua2tionisgood.Providedapplyplanrationally,packmeticulouslyandsharethetourismresourcestogetheritshouldgetsustainabledevelopment.Meanwhile,toprovesaprospectofhowtobuildageneraQinzhouoceanpark.Keywords:tourismresources;oceanark;Qinzhou:(1969-),,,,,1988,,1998-1999,(83)[2]Putman,S.H.EMPALandDRAMLocationandLanduseModels:AnOverview.PaperdistributedattheTransportationModelImprovementProgramsLandUseModelingConference,Dallas,Texas[M].1995.19-21.[3]FrankSouthworth.ATechnicalReviewofUrbanLandUse-Transporta2tionModelsasToolsforEvaluatingVehicleTrav