空间计量经济学讲义5

Zeng,Dao-Zhi20073Dao-ZhiZeng,LaixunZhao(2006):PollutionHavensandIndustrialAgglomerationNo.197••ForeignDirectInvestment(FDI)•²±¯°PollutionHavenEect,•,,•1•,pollutionhaveneec•♣Jae-Peterson-Portney-Stavins(1995,JournalofEconomicLiterature)♣Levinson(1996,JournalofPublicEconomics)♣Keller-Levinson(2002,ReviewofEconomicsandStatistics):abatementcostshavesmalldeterrenteectsonforeigninvestment♣Jeppesen-List-Folmer(2002,JournalofRegionalScience)11365,theempiricalestimatesrangefrompositiveandsignicanttonegativeandsignicant,leadmosttoconcludethattherela-tionshipisweakatbestenvironmentalregulationsoncapitalow2♣EskelandandHarrison(2003,JournalofDevelopmentEconomics)⋄pollution-haveneect,⋄,inversedpattern•,HomeMarketEect♣DavisandWeinstein(1999EERand2003JIE)♣HeadandMayer(2004Handbook)surveypaper:HME,(P.2636)3?•♣Staord(1985,AnnalsoftheAssociationofAmericanGeographers)♣GrossmanandKrueger(1993):.•♣GrossmanandKrueger(1993):,4•:•:,,,:,,•:5•♣♣♣,•♣Ottaviano-Tabuchi-Thisse(2002):2♣Ottaviano(2001),ForslidandOttaviano(2003):♣Martin-Rogers(1995):6•:♣:♣:,♣,•♣Baldwin-Forslid-Martin-Ottaviano-Robert·Nicoud(2003)♣,♣7Footloosecapital:HME•HME:HomeMarketEect•Krugman(1980),Helpman-Krugman(1985):•Ottaviano-Thisse(2004)FootloosecapitalHME•,,•secondarymagnicationeect8Footloosecapital:HME-ϕ:6θθ=..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11/2⇒⇒rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr9•¶µ³´NS;¶µ³´♣L,L∗.Lw=L+L∗♣K,K∗.Kw=K+K∗CountryNCountrySLL∗KK∗Kw10•:♣1♣1♣Nt,St∗•:♣♣♣N1α(t,t∗),S1α∗(t,t∗)11•U=1µµ(1−µ)1−µCµMC1−µA,♣CM=(∫Kw0c1−1σidi)σσ−1⋄civarietyi⋄σ1⋄1−1/σ♣CA♣µ∈(0,1),12•V=EP,P=p1−µA(∫nw0p1−σidi)µ1−σ,♣E:♣P:•:˙θ=(r−r∗)(1−θ)θ♣replicatordynamics♣θ:N♣r:N;r∗S13•♣:⋄A,pA=1⋄w=α(t,t∗),w∗=α∗(t,t∗)♣:⋄τ⋄ϕ=τ1−σ(τ)14PolicyBurdenRatioδ•:δ≡[w∗wl+t∗l+t]σ−1=[α∗(t,t∗)α(t,t∗)l+t∗l+t]σ−1•δ1Ntt∗=1t=t∗1Ntt∗.15•θE=wθLw+(1−θL)w∗(1−b)θL+bθK,♣θL=L/Lw,θK=K/Kw.♣:θL=θK=Θ♣b=µ/σ•θ0≡θE1−δϕ−ϕ(1−θE)δ−ϕ•θ=1,ifδ≥1/ϕ,0,ifδ≤ϕ,max{0,min{1,θ0}},ifϕδ1/ϕ.16:•Θ=1/2•θ0=1/2−θC+θI,♣:θC=ϕ(1−δ2)2(δ−ϕ)(1−δϕ),⋄⇒⋄⋄(ϕ)♣:θI=w−w∗w+w∗(1−b)δ(1−ϕ2)2(δ−ϕ)(1−δϕ).⋄,,⋄,17•♣?⋄:⋄.1999,2000⋄♣,18•♣CO2,♣,♣EskelandandHarrison(2003,JDE):pollutionhaveneect,pollutionhaveneect19:•Θ1/2•HomeMarketEect•θ0=Θ+ϕ(1−2ϕδ+δ2)(2Θ−1)2(δ−ϕ)(1−δϕ)−ϕ(1−δ2)2(δ−ϕ)(1−δϕ)+(w−w∗)Θ(1−Θ)wΘ+w∗(1−Θ)(1−b)δ(1−ϕ2)(δ−ϕ)(1−δϕ)=Θ+θHME−θC+θI.20HomeMarketEect•♣♣HME:θ01≡Θ+2ϕ1−ϕ(Θ−12).♣Secondarymagnicationeect:∂θ01∂ϕ=2Θ−1(1−ϕ)20,♣⇒•N,(GloballySymmetric),(,CO2)♣♣θ02≡Θ+θHME−θC21-δ6θ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................δ♯11Θ1/20δ♯Θδ2−ϕ(2Θ−1)δ+Θ−1=0Case1Case2HMECase322pollutionhaveneect•Case2,,pollutionhaveneect•Case3,,HME•WagnerandTimmins(2004)FDIstock,•and/or,Case2,Case3∂δ♯∂ϕ=(2Θ−1)δ♯+1−Θ2Θ(δ♯−2Θ−12Θϕ)0,∂δ♯∂Θ=−(δ♯−ϕ)2+ϕ(1−ϕ)2Θ(δ♯−2Θ−12Θϕ)0.23•N(Θ