(200032),21GreenChemistryandOrganicSynthesisandAtomEconomyinOrganicSynthesisLuXiyan(ShanghaiInstituteofOrganicChemistry,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Shanghai200032,China)AbstractTherelationoforganicsynthesisandgreenchemistryisbrieflydescribed.Theimportanceofatomeconomyinorganicsynthesisisemphasized.Keywordsatomeconomy;greenchemistry;organicsynthesis,,;,;,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[1-4]10219986PROGRESSINCHEMISTRYVol.10No.2June,1998,,,4[1-3]11,,:NO2Cl+NH3NO2NH2+NH4Cl,MonsantoStern,,NASH(nucleophilicaromaticsubstitutionforhydrogen)[5-7]:Nu:+HNO2+TMA(OH)HNuNO-O-NuNO2TMA(OH),:RNH2+COCl2RNCORNCO+ROHRNHCO2RMonsantoRiley,McGhee[8-10],,[11]RRNH+CO2RRNCO2-H2N+RRRRNCO2-H2N+RR+XPdL4O2CNRR21,,,Tundo[12-14]:PhNH2+DMCGL2PTCPhNHCH3+CH3OH+CO2DMC=GL2PTC=,,(ox2idativecarbonylation)[15]:2CH3OH+1ö2O2+CO(CH3O)2CO+H2O42110,,,,Trost,Tietze,Grigg,[16]:,,5CC,331(1),,:,[17][18,19],,,[20](2),,,,,[21-23],,,,,41,,,DeVito[24],A;A,,,,Trost1991[25],,,,,Trost,(syntheticefficiency)5212,();(atomeconomy),,,,,,:A+BC+DC,D,D,:A+BC(commoditychemicals),,,Ziegler2Natta,HCN,Wittig,WittigWittig:Ph3P+MeBr-Ph3PCH2COR1R2CCH2+Ph3POR1R2,35614,,4%,278[25-28],,,,11[25],,,,:6211021(prototropiccycloisomerization)Trost[25]:::31[27,29,30](1):R1,,;R3P,:ostopanicacid:OOCO2H7212:RfRRfR=Pd(dba)22HOAc2Ph3PCF3(CH2)nOAcn=7,8Lepidoptera,N2,,,Wittig2Horner,,Wittig2Horner(2)[29,30],4:41[31-33],,A,B,,Michael,[31]:R1R2+OR3Pd(OAc)22LiXHOAcXR1R2OR3[32]:82110,:,,Trost,[25]:Noyori,[34]:OC(sc)O+HH85atmRuH2(PMe3)4scCO2,Et3N50RCOOH,,,:H+YHY!MuraiRu[35]:R2OR1+YRuH2(CO)(Ph3P)3,R2R1ORuHYR2OR1YY=SiMe3,Si(OEt)3,Me,,:;,,,9212,,21,,,,,,,[1]AnastasPT,WilliamsonTC,GreenChemistryDesigningChemistryfortheEnvironment,ACSSymposiumSeries,#626,AmericanChemicalSociety,WashingtonDC,1996.[2]SheldonRA,Chemtech.,1994,24(3),38.[3]IllmanDL,C&EN,1993,71(36),26.[4]AnastasPT,FarrisCA,BenignbyDesignAlternativeSyntheticDesignforPolutionControl,ACSSymposiumSeries,#577,AmericanChemicalSociety,WashingtonDC,1994.[5]SternMK,inRef.[4],133.[6]SternMK,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1992,104,9237.[7]SternMK,J.Org.Chem.,1993,58,6883.[8]McGheeWD,RileyDP,Organometallics,1992,11,900.[9]McGheeWD,RileyDP,ChristME,ChristKM,Organometallics,1993,12,1429.[10]RileyD,McGheeWD,WaldmanT,inRef.[4],122.[11]ManzerLE,inRef.[4],144.[12]TundoP,TrottaF,MoraglioG,J.Org.Chem.,1987,52,1300.[13]TundoP,TrottaF,MoraglioG,J.Chem.Soc.,Perkin.Trans.I,1989,1070.[14]TundoP,SelvaM,MarguesCA,inRef.[1],81.[15]DelledonneD,RivettiF,RomanoU,J.Organomet.Chem.,1995,488,C15.[16]HallN,Science,1994,266,32.[17]MorgensternDA,LeLacheurRM,MoritaDK,BorkowskySL,FengS,BrownGH,LuarsL,GrossMF,BurkMJ,TumasW,inRef.[1],132.[18]LimPK,ZhangY,inRef.[1],168.[19]LiCJ,ChanTH,OrganicReactionsinAqueousMedia,Wiley,NewYork,1997.[20]AnastasPT,WilliamsonTC,inRef.[1],12.[21]SimmonsMS,inRef.[1],116.[22]AnastasPT,WilliamsonTC,inRef.[1],14.[23]HagginJ,C&EN,1994,72(7),22.[24]AnastasPT,WilliamsonTC,inRef.[1],13.[25]TrostBM,Science,1991,254,1471.[26]TrostBM,PureAppl.Chem.,1992,64,315.[27]TrostBM,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl.,1995,34,259.[28]RouhiAM,C&EN,1995,73(25),32.[29],,1993,13,227.[30]LuX,MaD,PureAppl.Chem.,1990,62,723.[31]WangZ,LuX,Chem.Commun.,1996,535.[32]WangZ,LuX,TetrahedronLett.,1997,38,5213.[33]WangZ,LuX,J.Org.Chem.,1996,61,2254.[34]JessopPG,IkariyaT,NoyoriR,Nature,1994,368,231.[35]MuraiS,KakiuchiF,SekineS,TanakaY,KamataniA,SonodaM,ChataniN,Nature,1993,366,529.03110