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::,,,;,,:,,,,,1,,,,,,,;,,,,,;,,,,,,,,11,1/5,180231[]::,,2003,45,,,,,;,,,,,,,(city-state),,,,(toughlaw),,,2()()1.(feudalism),,(feudalism),,,,,,,,,,,(CuriaRegis),(subfeudation),,,,,,3,,,(grant),4,,,,,,5,(feudalism),;,6;;7,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,33234567J.H.Baker,AnIntroductiontoEnglishLegalHistory,2nded.,1979,vii.,,,,,W.L.Warren,,1983,243,,,;,AlanWatson,RomanLawandComparativeLaw,UniversityofGeorgiaPress,1991,p.141.F.W.Maitland,TheConstitutionalHistoryofEngland,CambridgeUniversityPress,1909,pp.143-144.F.L.Ganshof,Feudalism,Harper&Row,1964,xv-xvii.JosephR.Strayer,Feudalism,D.VanNostrandCompany,1965,pp.12-13.8,1)()(),,;2),,,;3)(seisin),,,,,,,92020,,,20,,,,,,,(centralizedbureaucraticsystem)!,,,,,,2.,,,,,,;,,,,,(ownership),,,,10,,,,11,,,,,1213,,,(sitting),,,(seisin),14(seisin),,15,,432006189101112131415[]:,,1959,205,,,:,2004:,2000,3[]:,1962,171W.T.MurphyandSimonRoberts,UnderstandingPropertyLaw,Sweet&Maxwell,3rded.,1998,p.60.KateGreen&JoeCursley,LandLaw,4thed.,2003,7,sitting()seisin(),tenir()tenant(),,:,,,:,,;,,,,,;,(tenir),(tenant,),(tenir),(tenant),,,(seisin),,,,,,,,,16,,,(),,,,,,()3.,,,,(legaltitle),,,,17,,,,,,,,,,(freeholdestate)(estate),,,1066,,,18,(legaltitle),,,,,,;,,,;()1.,,(KingsPeace),,,,195316171819KateGreen&JoeCursley,LandLaw,4thed.,2003,10,,,[]:,,1959,13KateGreen&JoeCursley,LandLaw,4thed.,2003,10,49,,,,12,(writ),,,20,,,,(commonlaw),(lex)21,(law),(commonlaw),(legaltitle),,,22,(),(jus)(eq2uity),,,:,,,,(override),14,,,,,,,,,,(equity),equity(commonlaw),equity(law),,equitas,,,,,2.,,chancellor,cancellarius,(doorkeeper),23,(Royalsecretariat),,,,,,,,,,,,1474,,1529(More)632006120212223,,,(lex),(jus),(jus)(lex),(droit,recht,diritto,derecho)(loi,gesetz,legge,ley),,,,,,(law),,law,equity,,,,,,BryanA.Garneraseditorinchief,BlacksLawDictionary,7thed.,WestGroup,1999,p.1493.2003,chancellor6(cancelli),,:,2003,212,chancellor,,,,,16,,,,,,(chancellor),,(CourtofChancery),,1730,(MasteroftheRolls),,(lawofGod,lawofreason)(equity),24,(Equityactsinpersonam),,(Equityassistsignorance,butnotcarelessness),,(Equitydoesnotmakelaw,butassiststhelaw),,(Equitydoesnotpermitapersontogetdoublesatisfactionforthesamegrievance),(Equitydoesnotsufferhimwhoholdsatruerighttoprosecuteittoextremes),,,(equity),,,(),(legal)(action),(suit);(judge),(lord);(judgment),(decree),,(equitabletitle),(legaltitle),,25,,,,,,()1.:,(use),26,,,(relief)(wardship),,(use);,,,,,,,,,,()(use),,(writ),,(use),,,(use),,,,,15,(use),,73242526:,2000,25BryanA.Garneraseditorinchief,BlacksLawDictionary,7thed.,WestGroup,1999,p.1493.AlanWatson,RomanLawandComparativeLaw,UniversityofGeorgiaPress,1991,p.141.,,,,27,,,,,,,(better),28,(conveyance),(deed),,,,(eviction),,,,,,,,,,2.,,,,,,(deed),29,,,,;,,(),,,(specificperformance),(,),,(agreement)(),,,,,(estatecontract),(),(),,,,,,,,,,,;,,,11,(AugusteM.F.X.Comte,1798-1857),3017,13832006127282930A.G.Chlorosasgeneraleditor,ManyLaws,SelectedEssays,byF.H.Lawson,North-HollandPublishingCompany,1977,p.229.Bullv.Bull,1955,1QB,p.234.(execute),(),15(AugusteM.F.X.Comte,1798-1857),[]J.W.:,1988,3,R,,,;:31,,1717,,,,,,,32,,,,,(NaturechtlicheKodifikationen),,,,,,,,,,,,(vordieKlammerzuziehen),,,,,,33,14,,,,,,34,,,,,,,,,35,,,,,,,,,,,36,,93313233343536[]:,,1984,35[]:,,1999,2912,18:,,,,,See,OxfordEnglishDictionaryofQuotations,1966.Also,seeTiborR.Machan,IndividualandTheirRights,LaSalle:OpenCourt,1989,ChapterV.:,,2003,440:,1997,65,,,,1896,,(dinglich),,,;,,,,90,,,,,,:,,,,,+;,,,,,,,37,,,,,,38,,39,,,40,,,,,41,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,04200613738394041[]:,1977,556[]:,,1999,124UgoMattei,BasicPrinciplesofPropertyLaw:AComparativeLegalandEconomicIntroduction,GreenwoodPress,2000,preface.[]:,,1990,28:,[]:,,1959,154,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,(better),,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,/,,,42,,,,,[Abstract]WhilethepropertylawinAnglo-Americanlegalsystemischaracterizedbythesystemofdualownershipsintermsoflegaltitleandequitabletitle,thepropertylawunderthecontinentallegalsystememphasizesthesafeguardofexclusiveunitaryownership.Meanwhile,adichotomymodelofseparationbetweentherightoverthingsandobligatoryrighthasevolved.Thisarticlehasorganizedandanalysedthehistoricalde2velopmentofthepropertylawsunderthetwolegalsystems,thusjustifyingthelegitimacyoftheirveryexist2ence.Ontheotherhand,thearticlehasalsoexaminedthedichotomythatmaybegeneralizedasdualisminitsessencebycomparingdifferentfunctions,anditsroletoeffectivelyregulatetransactionrelationshipsofnon-immediatesettlementinmoderncommercialcirculations.(:)1442,,,[]:,,1999,86