财务缩略语

FinancialGlossaryAFifthletterofaNasdaqstocksymbolspecifyingClassAshares.AAIISee:AmericanAssociationofIndividualInvestorsABOSee:AccumulatedBenefitObligationABSSee:AutomatedBondSystemACATSee:AutomatedCustomerAccountTransferACESSee:AdvanceComputerizedExecutionSystemACHSee:AutomatedClearingHouseACRSSee:AcceleratedcostrecoverysystemACUSee:AsiancurrencyunitsADBSee:AdjustedDebitBalanceADRSee:AmericanDepositoryReceiptADSSee:AmericanDepositoryShareAEXSee:AmsterdamExchangeAFMSee:AmmanFinancialMarketAIBDAssociationofInternationalBondDealersAONSee:AllornoneorderAOSSee:AutomatedOrderSystemAMEXSee:AmericanStockExchangeAMPSSee:AuctionMarketPreferredStockAPRSee:AnnualPercentageRateAPTSee:ArbitragePricingTheoryAPTSee:AutomatedPitTradingAPVSee:AdjustedPresentValueAPYSee:AnnualPercentageYieldARMSee:Adjustable-ratemortgageARPSSee:Adjustable-ratepreferredstockARPSSee:AuctionratepreferredstockARRSee:AveragerateofreturnASESee:AthensStockExchange.ASXSee:AustralianStockExchangeATPSee:ArbitrageTradingProgramAbandonmentControllingpartygivinguprightstopropertyvoluntarily.AbandonmentoptionTheoptionofterminatinganinvestmentearlierthanoriginallyplanned.ABCagreementAcontractbetweenanemployeeandabrokeragefirmoutliningtherightsofthefirmpurchasinganNYSEmembershipforthatemployee.AbilitytopayReferstotheborrower'sabilitytomakeinterestandprincipalpaymentsondebts.See:Fixedchargecoverageratio.Incontextofmunicipalbonds,referstotheissuer'spresentandfutureabilitytocreatesufficienttaxrevenuetofulfillitscontractualobligations,accountingformunicipalincomeandpropertyvalues.Incontextoftaxation,notionthattaxratesshouldbedeterminedaccordingtoincomeorwealth.AbnormalreturnsThecomponentofthereturnthatisnotduetosystematicinfluences(market-wideinfluences).Inotherwords,abnormalreturnsareabovethosepredictedbythemarketmovementalone.Related:excessreturns.AboveparSee:Par.AbsolutepriorityRuleinbankruptcyproceedingsrequiringseniorcreditorstobepaidinfullbeforejuniorcreditorsreceiveanypayment.AbsorbedUsedincontextofgeneralequities.Securitiesareabsorbedaslongastherearecorrespondingorderstobuyandsell.Themarkethasreachedtheabsorptionpointwhenfurtherassimilationisimpossiblewithoutanadjustmentinprice.See:Sellthebook.AbusivetaxshelterAlimitedpartnershipthattheIRSjudgestobeclaimingtaxdeductionsillegally.Acceleratedcostrecoverysystem(ACRS)Scheduleofdepreciationratesallowedfortaxpurposes.AccelerationclauseAcontractstatingthattheunpaidbalancebecomesdueandpayableifspecificactionstranspire,suchasfailuretomakeinterestspaymentsontime.AccelerateddepreciationAnydepreciationmethodthatproduceslargerdeductionsfordepreciationintheearlyyearsofaasset'slife.Acceleratedcostrecoverysystem(ACRS),whichisadepreciationscheduleallowedfortaxpurposes,isonesuchexample.AcceptanceContractualagreementinstigatedwhenthedraweeofatimedraftacceptsthedraftbywritingthewordacceptedthereon.Thedraweeassumesresponsibilityastheacceptorandforpaymentatmaturity.See:Letterofcreditandbanker'sacceptance.AccommodativemonetarypolicyFederalReserveSystempolicytoincreasetheamountofmoneyavailabletobanksforlending.See:Monetarypolicy.AccountInthecontextofbookkeeping,referstotheledgerpagesuponwhichvariousassets,liabilities,income,andexpensesarerepresented.Inthecontextofinvestmentbanking,referstothestatusofsecuritiessoldandownedortherelationshipbetweenpartiestoanunderwritingsyndicate.Inthecontextofsecurities,therelationshipbetweenaclientandabroker/dealerfirmallowingthefirm'semployeetobetheclient'sbuyingandsellingagent.See:Accountexecutive;accountstatement.AccountbalanceCreditsminusdebitsattheendofareportingperiod.AccountexecutiveThebrokeragefirmemployeewhohandlesstockordersforclients.See:Broker.AccountreconciliationThereviewingandadjustingofthebalanceinapersonalcheckbooktomatchyourbankstatement.AccountstatementInthecontextofbanking,referstoasummaryofallbalances.Inthecontextofsecurities,asummaryofalltransactionsandpositions(longandshort)betweenabroker/dealerandaclient.Seealso:Optionagreement.Accountant'sopinionAsignedstatementfromanindependentpublicaccountantafterexaminationofafirm'srecordsandaccounts.Theopinionmaybeunqualifiedorqualified.See:Qualifiedopinion.AccountingearningsEarningsofafirmasreportedonitsincomestatement.AccountingexposureThechangeinthevalueofafirm'sforeigncurrency-denominatedaccountsduetoachangeinexchangerates.AccountinginsolvencyTotalliabilitiesexceedtotalassets.Afirmwithanegativenetworthisinsolventonthebooks.AccountingliquidityTheeaseandquicknesswithwhichassetscanbeconvertedtocash.AccountspayableMoneyowedtosuppliers.AccountsreceivableMoneyowedbycustomers.AccountsreceivablefinancingAshort-termfinancingmethodinwhichaccountsreceivablearecollateralforcashadvances.See:Factoring.AccountsreceivableturnoverTheratioofnetcreditsalestoaverageaccountsreceivable,whichisameasureofhowquicklycustomerspaytheirbills.AccreditedinvestorReferstoawealthyinvestor(networth$7millionorannualincome200,000)whodoesnotcounttothemaximumof35peopleallowedtoinvestinaprivatelimitedpartnership.Accretion(ofadiscount)Inportfolioaccounting,astraight-l