搜索
():,,,,([1]),(;[2]),:(1),,;(2)(,),([3]);(3)(),()(),,,(,1995),,,,,([4]),(),,,,,,,,(),,,,(),,,,,(Taylor,1995):,:(),(),(),,(,),,,,(),0719976?,():(1)();(2)();(3),(),,,(),,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,1000,,,,,,,,,(,),,,,,,(),,,(Kant,1996),,,issue,:,,,,,,,,,,,():,;,(nativism)(connectionism),,(Ramseyetal,1990,1991);,,,,,27,,,,,,:(1),,,;(2);(3),,,,,,,,,,,,,,U(z1,z2),,z1()z1x,z1=x,z1z2,()z2=yz2yx+y=12,z1z2,z1-z2()((1),(2),(3))(4),(5)(6),(7)(6)(7),(7)(),,(),z1,(),,(),z1(),,z1,,,,U(x,y)=(x+a)+(y+b)a,b,a,(0,1):(1),,Uz1z2=0;(2),(,Cobb-Dou2glass);(3)z1z2,,,(2),(5),(6),,,,z1z1,z1,z1z2,,,x=1,z1,2,,,,z1,z1,z1,,x=1,,x,a,b,:x3=1+b-a-(11-)1+-(1-)47()(t)U1((t)x(t),1-x(t))-U2((t)x(t),1-x(t))+w0(t)0(t),(t)x(t)t,((4)),:x=1,x,z12,(t)(),x=1,:z1z2(t)(),,x,x=1x=1(t),,(t),,(),,,(),:Û(t)=r(t)-[x(t)U1((t)x(t),1-x(t))+(1-x(t))U2((t)x(t),1-x(t))g((t))],g(),,g(),g(),,(t),x=1,x=0,,2z2:(t)U1((t)x(t),1-x(t))-U2((t)x(t),1-x(t))+w0(t)0:(t)U1((t)x(t),1-x(t))-U2((t)x(t),1-x(t))0,,4(timingproblem):(1)(t),z1,g()z1(2),(t)(),,z2()(3)(t)z1,(t),z1,z2(),(3),20,(2),67(),(2),,(3),,,,:Û(t)=w(t)x(t)limtw(t)=0:Û(t)=w0x(t)-f((t)),v(x,),w0x-f()=0,,,,,,,,,??????,,,,,,:,,,():[1](K1Popper),:,199412,,19953[2],,,199511,,199512[3],,,19959[4],,1994,451-456[5],,1991[6],,,,,,Arrow,K.1962,EconomicImplicationsofLearningbyDoing.ReviewofEconomicStudies,vol.29,no.80(June1962):155-73.Arthur,B.,1989,CompetingTechnologies,IncreasingReturns,andLock-inbyHistoricalEvents,EconomicJour2nal,vol.99:116-31.Becker,G.,andMurphy,K.,1992,theDivisionofLabor,CoordinationCosts,andKnowledge,QuarterlyJurnalofEconomics,vol.CVII,no.4(November1992):1137-60.Bohm-Bawerk,1980,Habermas,J.,1987,ThePhilosophicalDiscourseofModernity.Cambridge:MITPress.Hayek,F.A.,1937,EconomicsandKnowledge,E2conomica(February1937).Hayek,F.A.,1945,theUseofKnowledgeinSoci2ety,AmericanEconomicReview(September1945).Hayek,F.A.,1952,TheSensoryOrder:AnInquiryintotheFoundationsofTheoreticalPsychology.London:Routledge&KeganPaul.77,:,,,;,;,,,,,:,,,,(,[5]),,,,,,,,,(),,(thewilltoknowledge)(willtopower)(Nietzsche,1967;Habermas,1987),,():(ideas),,,(Thagard,1991)2,(2)(Pollock,1986;Quine,1992)(truejustifiedbelief),(coherencetheo2ry),,(),(Solomon,1987),(correspondencetheory),,,(Lehrer,1990)(),(),,,,(),,,,:,,,,,,(),,,17,,,,(),,;,,:(A1Young),(),:,,2,(,1994)?(Bohm2Bawerk):,()?(G1Becker):(),,,,,,,,,(,),:,,:(everyoneknowsmoreandmoreaboutlessandless)70(StiglerandBecker,1977;BeckerandMurphy,1992),,(K1Arrow)60(Arrow,1962)(spillovereffect):,,(P1Romer)8090([6])(non2rivalry),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,(),,(,,,,,,,,,),,,,371,a=1,b=115,=019,,,,z2,,:U(x,y),=k,k02,2k,,((8)):x=1(z1),x;x=0(z2),x;x,,,,(),,3z1,,:max{x(t)}0U((t)x(t),1-x(t))e-rtdt(),(),te-rt,(t),t0wxdt,:Û(t)=w0x(t)w0w(t),:(t)=t0w(s)x(s)ds,x(s)[0,1]w(s)=w0er(t)(s-t),Pst,w(t)=w0t0w(s)ds1]r(t)w0[1-e-tr(t)]r(t),57Kant,I.,1996,CritiqueofPracticalReason.NewYork:PrometheusBooks.Lehrer,K.,1990,TheoryofKnowledge,London:RoutledgePress.Nietzsche,F.,1967,TheWilltoPower,NewYork:VintageBooks.North,D.,1990,Institution,InstitutionalChangeandEconomicPerformance.NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress..Pollock,J.,1986,ContemporaryTheoriesofKnowl2edge.NewYork:Rowman&Littlefield.W.V.Quine,PursuitofTruth.HarvardUniversityPress,1992.Ramsey,W.,Stich,S.,andGaran,J.,1990,Con2nectionism,Eliminativism,andtheFutureofFolkPsycholo2gy,pp.117-44,inCole,D.J.,Fetzer,J.,andRankin,T.,eds.,Philosophy,Mind,andCognitiveInquiry:Re2sourcesforUnderstandingMentalProcesses,London:KluwerAcademicPublishers.Ramsey,W.,andStich,S.,1991,ConnectionismandThreeLevelsofNativism,pp.3-31,inFetzer,J.,ed.,EpistemologyandCognition,London:KluwerAcademicPub2lishers.Romer,P.,1986,IncreasingReturnsandLong-RunGrowth.JournalofPolitcalEconomy,vol.94,no.5(Octo2ber1986):1002-37.Romer,P.,1990,EndogenousTechnologicalChange,JournalofPoliticalEconomy,vol.98,no.5(Part2,October1990):S71-S102.G.StiglerandG.Becker,DeGustibusNonEstDis2putandum,AmericanEconomicReviewMarch1977:76-90.Solomon,R.C.,1987,FromHegeltoExistentialism.NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress.Taylor,C.,1995,PhilosophicalArguments.Cam2bridge:HarvardUniversityPress.Thagard,P.,1991,ConceptsandConceptualChange,pp.101-20,inFetzer,J.,edEpistemologyandCognition.London:KluwerAcademicPublishers.,1992:,19925,1994:,19947,1995:,19959:max(x,y)U(x,y)(1)U15U(x,y)5(x)0,U25U(x,y)5y0,(2)x+y=1(3)U1-U2E0,X+Y=1(4)U1152U(x,y)5(x)20,U2252U(x,y)5y20,U11U22U212(5)2U11+U22-2U120(6)5x35=U1+x3U11-xU122U12-2U11-U22(7)w0e-rtt0ersds1]w0r(1-e-rt)1w0[e-tr(t)dt+te-tr(t)dr]=drdrdt=11w0etr(t)-tU1(x,k(1-x))-kU2(x,k(1-x))(8)max{x(t)}0U((t)x(t),1-x(t)e-rtdt(9)Û(t)=w0x(t),(0)=00(10)0Fx(t)F1(11)H((t),(t),x(t))U((t)x(t),1-x(t))+(t)w0x(t)(12)Û=w0x(t),(0)=00(13)Û=r(t)-5H5=r(t)-x(t)U1((t)x(t),1-x(t))(14)H((t),(t),x(t))EH((t),(t),x(t)),Px(t)[0,1](15)x(t),x(t)C0[0,1],:5H((t),(t),x(t))5xE0x=1:(t)U1((t)x(t),1-x(t))-U2((t)x(t),1-x(t))+w0(t)E0(16)(:)(:)87